Интервью с директором Научно-образовательного клинического центра Гибридных технологий лучевой медицины, заведующим кафедрой лучевой диагностики и лучевой терапии Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова, руководителем отдела томографии Института клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. Мясникова, главным консультантом Главного медицинского управления УД Президента РФ, академиком РАН Сергеем Константиновичем Терновым.

Background. Given that the imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, estimation of its prognostic value in patients in the early stages from the disease onset or injury is of concern.

Aim of study. To study changes in concentrations of biomarkers for inflammation on day 1–2 in patients with a high risk for sepsis.

Materials and methods. On day 1-2 from the admission, blood tests were performed in 48 patients with a high risk of sepsis: 9 — with mediastinitis, 6 — with widespread purulent peritonitis, 24 — with severe concomitant injury, 9 — with acute destructive pancreatitis. Sepsis occurred in 28 patients of group 1. Group 2 consisted of 20 patients without sepsis. We investigated concentration of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, interleukine-6 and -10, lipopolysaccharide-bindidng protein and soluble receptor for interleukine-2.

Result. Significant differences in concentrations of groups were identified on day 1-2 in CRP (P=0.00009), IL-2R (P=0.0005) LBP (P=0.00002) and IL-6 (P=0.0192).

Conclusion. Hyper LBP and CRP on the background of high IL-2R, IL-6, increase the risk of sepsis.

Abstract. Injuries of pancreas in the closed abdominal trauma remain the one of most challenging issues in diagnosis and choice of optimal therapy.

Objectives. To analyze clinical results of the improved diagnostic and treatment tactics in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and damage to the pancreas.

Material and methods. We report the results of treatment for 141 patients with pancreatic trauma treated from 1991 to 2015 at City Hospital No. 3 and City Hospital No. 40. All patients were divided into 2 groups. These groups were formed according to the time factor. The groups were comparable in age, gender, and pancreatic trauma severity. The study group consisted of 59 patients, treated in 2004-2015, and the comparison group consisted of 82 patients (1991–2003). The advanced diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the study group included modern instrumental diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, diagnostic laparoscopy and improved surgical tactics to lower indications for omental plug, omentobursostomy, suturing capsule of pancreas and cholecystostomy.

Results. This algorithm reduced the duration gap between hospitalization and surgery averagely from 10.7 to 4.0 hours, and the modified treatment tactics decreased the incidence of septic complications from 15.8% to 6.8%, and the mortality from 27.6% to 16.9%.

Conclusion. As a rule, methods of radiodiagnosis detect only indirect signs of pancreatic injury in blunt abdominal trauma. It is advisable to perform omental plugging only as medical tactics of «damage control».

We report results of treatment for 72 patients with uterine leiomyoma (LM) of various sizes and location, who had arrived with excessive uterine bleeding. All patients underwent urgent or urgently-delayed endovascular hemostasis by performing uterine arteries embolization (UAE). We analyzed clinical features of the disease after UAE in various sizes of tumors and studied immediate and long-term results of UAE in patients with LM.

The Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) is the current “gold” standard of screening patient’s condition for purposes of predicting survival probability. More than 40 years of TRISS practice revealed a number of problems, particularly, 1) unexplained fluctuation of predicted values caused by aggregation of screening tests, and 2) low accuracy of uncertainty intervals estimations. We developed a new method made it available for practitioners as a web calculator to reduce negative effect of factors given above. The method involves Bayesian methodology of statistical inference which, being computationally expensive, in theory provides most accurate predictions. We implemented and tested this approach on a data set including 571,148 patients registered in the US National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) with 1–20 injuries. These patients were distributed over the following categories: (1) 174,647 with 1 injury, (2) 381,137 with 2–10 injuries, and (3) 15,364 with 11–20 injuries. Survival rates in each category were 0.977, 0.953, and 0.831, respectively. The proposed method has improved prediction accuracy by 0.04%, 0.36%, and 3.64% (p-value <0.05) in the categories 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics showed a significant improvement of the new model calibration. The uncertainty 2σ intervals were reduced from 0.628 to 0.569 for patients of the second category and from 1.227 to 0.930 for patients of the third category, both with p-value <0.005. The new method shows the statistically significant improvement (p-value <0.05) in accuracy of predicting survival and estimating the uncertainty intervals. The largest improvement has been achieved for patients with 11–20 injuries. The method is available for practitioners as a web calculator http://www.traumacalc.org.

Today, the resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to carbapenems becomes a global problem. Standard regimens of antibiotic treatments are noted to be ineffective in the development of diseases, caused by such pathogens, which resulted in a significant increase in hospital stay duration, cost of treatment and mortality rate. The review of literature describes therapeutic opportunities for treatment of diseases caused by pathogens resistant to carbapenems.

Сomplications of acute colonic diverticulitis occur more frequently nowadays in emergency surgical departments. Despite the high incidence of colonic diverticulitis, especially in elderly population, there are still many unsolved questions of its diagnosis and surgical treatment. The aim of our study is to review various means of laboratory and instrumental examination, and also various types of surgical treatment, used worldwide.

The article discusses organizational and legal aspects of electronic health information exchange in developed countries, particularly, introduction of electronic medical records in the United States and Europe, as well as topical issues related to standardization of information technologies in health care. We briefly describe the most popular standards used in e-medicine, such as Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), openEHR and HL7. The questions of syntactic and semantic interoperability in the exchange of electronic medical records and some aspects of the digital signature use are also considered. We suggest mechanisms for implementation of electronic document management and sharing of digital medical information, as one of the most important directions of information technologies in health care. It is noted that today, the main limiting factor in providing the digital exchange of health information in Russian Federation is unresolved legal issues, i.e. the absence of a legal framework of electronic medical records share. At the same time, the level of IT development in our country is quite sufficient to meet current challenges. It is stated that, despite the unresolved number of problems (for example, completeness of medical data on a patient, given to relatives in critical situations), the adoption of a single electronic card is able to bring medical care to a new level, especially in emergency and urgent medicine.

The article describes the experience of using enhanced external counterpulsation as one of circulatory support methods. Main indications for the procedure of non-invasive counterpulsation are briefly discussed. The characteristics of the hardware-software complex “Cardiopulsar” and methodological aspects of the procedure are highlighted. Clinical examples show the possibilities of the program counterpulsation in patients with coronary artery diseases and in patients with chronic diseases of lower limb arteries. We also report observation results of two patients who underwent treatment by EECP showing promising possibilities of counterpulsation in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis.

We report a new original method of management for subaortic stenosis. When performing myectomy from the transaortic access of Morrow, the significant problem is poor visualization of the interventricular septum. The key to the successful implementation of the septal myectomy is achieving sufficient length, width and depth of resection of the hypertrophied interventricular septum. The authors introduced a new modification called “fixed needle technique” in order to visualize the entire region of septal hypertrophy and achieve safe extended myectomy of ventricular hypertrophy. Three needles of 21 gauge (0.8 mm) are introduced into the interventricular septum immidiately under the fibrous ring of the aortic valve, and reache the distal part of the hypertrophic portion. The right and left needles limit the width of resection and its depth is limited with the central needle. Each needle is a marker for the width, length and depth of resection. Needles allow to fix the interventricular septum and improve exposure of septal hypertrophy. The described technique allows to perform the required myectomy of the same thickness. The technique provides high-quality visualization of the interventricular septum and adequately removes hypertrophied part of myocardium in challenging patients with discrete subaortic stenosis and idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The article reports a clinical case of surgical therapy of a patient with simultaneous chest and abdomen trauma and carcinoid of the appendix.

The authors present a case study: an unusual foreign body (sewing needle) in the trachea. Despite the large size and unusual shape of a foreign body, we managed to remove it through the airways with rigid upper traheobronchoscopy, avoiding complications.

The article gives materials on the development of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after I.I Dzhanelidze. This modern multidisciplinary center of emergency and urgent medicine takes leading positions on many directions of medical science development.