Роль тиамина в развитии энцефалопатии Вернике

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Энцефалопатия Вернике (ЭВ) — острое жизнеугрожающее неврологическое заболевание, вызванное дефицитом тиамина. Витамин В1 является коферментом, участвует в процессе поддержания целостности клеточных мембран, и, следовательно, нормального функционирования нервной системы, мышц и сердца. Распространённость ЭВ в популяции составляет 0,4–2,8%. При отсутствии своевременного лечения ЭВ приводит к развитию тяжёлой инвалидизации, а в 20% случаев — к смертельному исходу.

ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Систематизация данных о роли тиамина в развитии энцефалопатии Вернике.

МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ. Для достижения поставленной цели были проанализированы результаты научных исследований, посвящённых ЭВ. Поиск литературы проводили в электронных поисковых системах Scopus, eLibrary, PubMed по ключевым словам: энцефалопатия Вернике, тиамин, злоупотребление алкоголем, тиаминовая недостаточность. Для анализа были отобраны научные статьи, опубликованные в период с 1881 по 2024 год.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Наиболее частая причина развития ЭВ — хронический алкоголизм, на долю которого приходится 50% всех случаев. Однако существует много других заболеваний и состояний, которые могут привести к развитию ЭВ. Важную роль в развитии ЭВ играет дефицит витамина В1.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Дефицит витамина В1 может развиться в результате сбоя на различных этапах метаболической цепи, при различных патологических процессах в организме человека. Энцефалопатия Вернике встречается не только у людей, злоупотребляющих алкоголем, но и у беременных, онкологических больных, пациентов с заболеваниями желудочно-кишечного тракта, печени и щитовидной железы, после бариатрических и других абдоминальных операций, а также у пациентов, длительно находящихся на парентеральном питании. Дефицит тиамина, и, как следствие, энцефалопатия Вернике, может привести к необратимому повреждению головного мозга, тяжёлой инвалидизации и смертельному исходу.

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