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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2020-9-4-504-510</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-996</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Внутригоспитальный инсульт в многопрофильном стационаре</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>In-Hospital Stroke in a Multidisciplinary Hospital</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петриков</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrikov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петриков Сергей Сергеевич член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, директор</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei S. Petrikov Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrikovss@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-4114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанов</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramazanov</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамазанов Ганипа Рамазанович кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ganipa R. Ramazanov Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Scientific Department of Emergency Neurology and Rehabilitation Treatment</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ramazanovgr@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-6104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Биннатова</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Binnatova</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Биннатова Сабина Биннат кызы, врач-невролог неврологического отделения для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sabina B. Binnatova Junior Researcher, Department of Emergency Neurology and Rehabilitation Treatment</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">binnatovasb@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-0881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомирова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тихомирова Мария Валерьевна врач-реаниматолог неврологического отделения для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения с палатой реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Tikhomirova Resuscitator of the Neurological Department for Patients With Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents With the Ward of Intensive Care and Intensive Care</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tikhomirovamv@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Отделение неотложной неврологии и восстановительного лечения, ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Emergency Neurology and Rehabilitation Treatment, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>504</fpage><lpage>510</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петриков С.С., Рамазанов Г.Р., Биннатова С.Б., Тихомирова М.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петриков С.С., Рамазанов Г.Р., Биннатова С.Б., Тихомирова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrikov S.S., Ramazanov G.R., Binnatova S.B., Tikhomirova M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/996">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/996</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Острые нарушения мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК) — лидирующая причина стойкой инвалидизации и смертности в мире. В связи с высокой медико-социальной значимостью большое внимание уделяется проблеме внегоспитальных ОНМК, а вопросы диагностики и лечения внутригоспитального инсульта практически не исследованы.</p></sec><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Внутригоспитальный инсульт определяют как ОНМК, которое развилось у пациента, госпитализированного в стационар по другим причинам. Известно, что частота внутригоспитального инсульта (ВГИ) составляет от 2 до 19% от числа всех зафиксированных в стационаре ОНМК, 0,04–0,06% от всех госпитализаций в стационар. Установлено, что у пациентов с внутригоспитальным инсультом присутствуют значительные ограничения для проведения тромболитической терапии, летальность может достигать 60%, а диагноз зачастую выставляют с большими задержками и отклонениями протоколов обследования. Наиболее частым патогенетическим подтипом внутригоспитального ишемического инсульта является кардиоэмболический подтип. Объяснением этому является то, что в большинстве случаев внутригоспитальные ишемические инсульты (ИИ) развиваются у пациентов после открытых кардиохирургических вмешательств при протезировании одного или нескольких клапанов, шунтирующих сосудистых операциях в условиях искусственного кровообращения, каротидной эндартерэктомии. У подавляющего большинства больных первые симптомы внутригоспитального инсульта наблюдают не врачи, а медицинские сестры, пациенты или их родственники. Летальность при внутригоспитальных ОНМК значительно выше, чем при негоспитальных ОНМК, что обусловлено высокой частотой экстрацеребральных осложнений у данной когорты больных, а также исходно более тяжелым инсультом.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Проанализировать частоту развития ВГИ и тактику его лечения в многопрофильном стационаре.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 975 пациентов с ОНМК, госпитализированных. в НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского 1 января 2018 г. по 1 января 2019 г. Критерием включения являлся любой случай ОНМК — внегоспитальный или внутригоспитальный. В исследование не были включены пациенты с субарахноидальным кровоизлиянием (САК), у которых на фоне вазоспазма развилась вторичная церебральная ишемия. Также мы не включали в исследование пациентов с ОНМК, переведенных из других стационаров для нейрохирургического лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Всего за 2018 г. в НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского ОНМК были диагностированы у 975 пациентов, из них ВГИ и внегоспитальный инсульты у 109 (11,2%) и 866 больных (88,8%) соответственно. Доля внутригоспитального инсульта составила 0,03% от общего количества больных, пролеченных в институте за 2018 г. Основным методом лечения пациентов с ИИ является системная тромболитическая терапия (сТЛТ). Однако у больных с ВГИ может быть большое число противопоказаний к данному виду терапии. Системная ТЛТ была проведена 1 пациенту (1%) с внутригоспитальным ИИ, в то время как при внегоспитальном ИИ тромболизис был выполнен 36 больным (4,7%). Проведя анализ причин отказа от выполнения сТЛТ у пациентов с внутригоспитальными и внегоспитальными ИИ. Ведущей причиной невозможности проведения сТЛТ у пациентов с ВГИ было неуточненное время развития заболевания — 44 (43,2%). У 35 больных (34,3%) с ВГИ отказ от выполнения сТЛТ был связан с поздней диагностикой ИИ несмотря на то, что инсульт развился в стационаре.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Таким образом, внутригоспитальный инсульт усугубляет течение основного заболевания и, как следствие, исход болезни, приводит к увеличению социальных и медико-экономических затрат. В связи с этим существует необходимость изучения распространенности, факторов риска, клинических особенностей внутригоспитальных ОНМК, а также разработка диагностических и терапевтических алгоритмов с целью повышения эффективности оказания помощи больным с внутригоспитальным инсультом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Acute cerebrovascular event (ACVE) is the leading cause of persistent disability and death in the world. Due to the high medical and social significance, much attention is paid to the problem of out-of-hospital stroke, and the issues of diagnostics and treatment of in-hospital stroke are practically not studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. In-hospital stroke is defined as stroke that develops in a patient hospitalized for other reasons. It is known that the incidence of in-hospital stroke ranges from 2 to 19% of all acute cerebrovascular accidents recorded in the hospital, 0.04–0.06% of all hospital admissions. It was found that patients with inhospital stroke have significant restrictions on thrombolytic therapy, mortality can reach 60%, and the diagnosis is often made with long delays and deviations in examination protocols. The most common pathogenetic subtype of in-hospital ischemic stroke is the cardioembolic subtype. The explanation for this is that in most cases, in-hospital ischemic strokes develop in patients after open cardiac surgery with prosthetics of one or more valves, bypass surgery in conditions of artificial circulation, carotid endarterectomy. In the overwhelming majority of patients, the first symptoms of in-hospital stroke are observed not by doctors, but by nurses, patients or their relatives. Mortality in in-hospital stroke is significantly higher than in non-hospital stroke, which is due to the high incidence of extracerebral complications in this cohort of patients, as well as initially more severe stroke.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim of study</title><p>Aim of study. To analyze the incidence of in-hospital stroke and the tactics of its treatment in a multidisciplinary hospital.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 975 patients with ACVE hospitalized at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine from January 1, 2018 to January 1, 2019. The inclusion criterion was any case of CVE - out-of-hospital or in-hospital. The study did not include patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) where secondary cerebral ischemia developed against the background of vasospasm. Also, we did not include patients with stroke, transferred from other hospitals for neurosurgical treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In total, in 2018 at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute ACVE were diagnosed in 975 patients, of which in-hospital and out-of-hospital strokes were diagnosed in 109 (11.2%) and 866 patients (88.8%), respectively. The proportion of in-hospital stroke was 0.03% of the total number of patients treated at the institute in 2018. Systemic thrombolytic therapy (sTLT) is the main method of treating patients with IS. However, patients with in-hospital stroke may have a large number of contraindications to this type of therapy. Systemic TLT was performed in 1 patient (1%) with in-hospital stroke, while in out-of-hospital stroke, thrombolysis was performed in 36 patients (4.7%). After analyzing the reasons for refusing to perform sLT in patients with in-hospital and out-of-hospital IS. The leading reason for the impossibility of sTLT in patients with in-hospital stroke was the unspecified time of disease development - 44 (43.2%). In 35 patients (34.3%) with in-hospital stroke, refusal to perform sLTT was associated with late IS diagnosis, despite the fact that the stroke developed in the hospital.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, an in-hospital stroke aggravates the course of the underlying disease and, as a consequence, the outcome of the disease, leads to an increase in social and medical and economic costs. In this regard, there is a need to study the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features of in-hospital stroke, as well as the development of diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms in order to improve the efficiency of care for patients with in-hospital stroke.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внутригоспитальный инсульт</kwd><kwd>неотложная помощь</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>протокол обследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>in-hospital stroke</kwd><kwd>emergency care</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>examination protocol</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendis S, Puska P, Norvving B. Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control. 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