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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2020-9-3-391-399</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-948</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние полиморфизмов генов CYP2D6 и CYP2C9 на клиническую эффективность трамадола и кеторолака при использовании протокола ускоренного восстановления у пациентов с неосложненным острым калькулезным холециститом, перенесших холецистэктомию</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Effect of Polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 Genes on the Clinical Efficacy of Tramadol and Ketorolac When Using the Accelerated Recovery Protocol in Patients With Uncomplicated Acute Calculous Cholecystitis Who Underwent Cholecystectomy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-637X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурадян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muradyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мурадян Андраник Александрович аспирант кафедры неотложной и общей хирургии</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andranik A. Muradyan postgraduate student of the Department of Emergency and General Surgery</p><p>2/1 b. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 1259933 B. Suharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andranik_muradian@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5724-6034</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благовестнов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blagovestnov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Благовестнов Дмитрий Алексеевич доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой неотложной и общей хирургии</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Blagovestnov Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Emergency and General Surgery</p><p>2/1 b. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 1259933 B. Suharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sklifkafedra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-3680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Дмитрий Алексеевич доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор РАН, член-корреспондент РАН, ректор, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и терапии</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Sychev Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector; Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy</p><p>2/1 b. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimasychev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярцев</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yartsev</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярцев Петр Андреевич доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии ГБУЗ «НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ», профессор кафедры неотложной и общей хирургии ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pyotr A. Yartsev Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy and Intensive Therapy, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Professor of the Department of Emergency and General Surgery, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Postgraduate Education</p><p>2/1 b. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 1259933 B. Suharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">peter-yartsev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-7663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогаль</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogal</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рогаль Михаил Леонидович доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе ГБУЗ «НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ», профессор кафедры неотложной и общей хирургии ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail L. Rogal Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director for Science, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Professor of the Department of Emergency and General Surgery, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Postgraduate Education</p><p>2/1 b. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rogal1961@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-0921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Керимова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kerimova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Керимова Лейла Набиевна ординатор кафедры неотложной и общей хирургии</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leyla N. Kerimova Resident of the Department of Emergency and General Surgery</p><p>2/1 b. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 1259933 B. Suharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leila1814@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-1203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корошвили</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koroshvili</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корошвили Вадим Теймуразович старший лаборант кафедры неотложной и общей хирургии</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim T. Koroshvili Senior Laboratory Assistant, Department of Emergency and General Surgery</p><p>2/1 b. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koroshvili2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-7153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Епифанова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yepifanova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Епифанова Ирина Павловна старший лаборант кафедры неотложной и общей хирургии</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina P. Yepifanova Senior Laboratory Assistant, Department of Emergency and General Surgery</p><p>2/1 b. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 1259933 B. Suharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">epifanovaip@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного последипломного образования» МЗ РФ; ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного последипломного образования» МЗ РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>391</fpage><lpage>399</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мурадян А.А., Благовестнов Д.А., Сычев Д.А., Ярцев П.А., Рогаль М.Л., Керимова Л.Н., Корошвили В.Т., Епифанова И.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мурадян А.А., Благовестнов Д.А., Сычев Д.А., Ярцев П.А., Рогаль М.Л., Керимова Л.Н., Корошвили В.Т., Епифанова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muradyan A.A., Blagovestnov D.A., Sychev D.A., Yartsev P.A., Rogal M.L., Kerimova L.N., Koroshvili V.T., Yepifanova I.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/948">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/948</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Одним из ключевых компонентов всех протоколов ускоренного восстановления (ПУВ), помимо минимизации операционного доступа, является адекватная послеоперационная аналгезия. Несмотря на это применяемые комбинации послеоперационного обезболивания не лишены недостатков, таких как недостаточно эффективная послеоперационная аналгезия и наличие побочных эффектов от используемых препаратов. Применение фармакогенетического подхода к обезболивающей терапии с целью ее персонализации может повысить эффективность и безопасность применения анальгетиков. В частности, наличие неактивного аллеля CYP2D6*4, при котором снижено преобразование трамадола в его активный метаболит, способствует недостаточной эффективности препарата. Что касается нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов, наличие полиморфизмов CYP2C9*2/*3 приводит к снижению метаболизма лекарств и более длительному периоду полувыведения, вследствие чего может усилиться клинический эффект и повыситься риск нежелательных реакций. Таким образом генотипирование пациентов с определением наличия конкретных генетических полиморфизмов может рационализировать послеоперационную аналгезию.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка возможной ассоциации полиморфизмов генов CYP2D6 и CYP2C9 с клинической эффективностью трамадола и кеторолака в отношении послеоперационной боли.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В этом обсервационном клиническом исследовании принимали участие 107 пациентов с неосложненным острым калькулезным холециститом, которым выполняли видеолапароскопическую холецистэктомию и проводили периоперационное лечение согласно оптимизированному ПУВ. Всем пациентам осуществлялся забор цельной крови с последующим генотипированием методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени. Обезболивающая эффективность оценивалась при помощи визуальной аналоговой шкалы (ВАШ) и опросника боли Мак-Гилла.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У носителей CYP2D6*4 болевой синдром был выше, чем у носителей дикого типа, по данным ВАШ и болевого опросника Мак-Гилла во все исследуемые промежутки. У носителей CYP2C9*2 болевой синдром был ниже, чем у носителей дикого типа во все исследуемые промежутки. У носителей CYP2C9*3 болевой синдром был ниже только через 2 и 6 часов, а также по данным оценочной шкалы боли Мак-Гилла.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. 1. Наличие полиморфного маркера CYP2D6*4 может снизить эффективность послеоперационного обезболивания трамадолом по сравнению с диким типом. 2. Наличие полиморфного маркера CYP2C9*2 и CYP2C9*3 может повысить эффективность обезболивания кеторолаком по сравнению с диким типом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. One of the key components of the accelerated recovery protocols (ARP), in addition to minimizing the surgical approach, is an adequate postoperative analgesia. Despite this, applied postoperative analgesia combinations are not devoid of drawbacks, such as lack of effective postoperative analgesia and the presence of side effect. The use of a pharmacogenetic approach to analgesic therapy for the purpose of its personalization may increase the effectiveness and safety of the use of analgesics. In particular, the presence of an inactive CYP2D6*4 allele , in which the conversion of tramadol to its active metabolite is reduced, contributes to the insufficient efficacy of the drug. As for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the presence of CYP2C9*2/*3 polymorphisms leads to a decrease in drug metabolism and a longer half-life, resulting in the increase of the clinical effect and the risk of adverse reactions. Thus, genotyping of patients with the determination of the presence of specific genetic factors can rationalize the postoperative analgesia.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim of study</title><p>Aim of study. Evaluation of the possible association of polymorphisms of the CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 genes with the clinical efficacy of tramadol and ketorolac in relation to postoperative pain.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This observational clinical study involved 107 patients with uncomplicated acute calculous cholecystitis who underwent videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy and perioperative treatment according to ARP. All patients underwent whole blood sampling followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction genotyping. Analgesic efficacy was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In CYP2D64* carriers pain was higher than that of wild-type carriers, according to VAS and McGill Pain Questionnaire in all investigated periods. In carriers of CYP2C9*2, the pain syndrome was lower than in carriers of the wild type at all intervals studied. In carriers of CYP2C9*3 pain was lower only after 2 and 6 hours, also according to McGill Pain Questionnaire.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. 1. The presence of the polymorphic marker CYP2D6*4 may reduce the efficacy of postoperative tramadol analgesia compared with wild type. 2. The presence of the polymorphic marker CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 may increase the efficacy of ketorolac pain relief compared to wild type.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трамадол</kwd><kwd>кеторолак</kwd><kwd>видеолапароскопическая холецистэктомия</kwd><kwd>CYP2D6</kwd><kwd>CYP2C9</kwd><kwd>Cytochrome P 450</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>ERAS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tramadol</kwd><kwd>ketorolac</kwd><kwd>videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy</kwd><kwd>CYP2D6</kwd><kwd>CYP2C9</kwd><kwd>Cytochrome P 450</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>ERAS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование по генотипированию было поддержано государственным грантом президента Российской Федерации: НШ-2698.2020.7</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The genotyping study was supported by a state grant from the President of the Russian Federation: NSh-2698.2020.7</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kehlet H. 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