<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2020-9-3-383-390</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-947</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Острое почечное повреждение у кардиохирургических больных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acute Renal Injury in Cardiac Surgery Patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-2283</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рей</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rey</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рей Сергей Игоревич кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская площадь, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Rey Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy and Intensive Care</p><p>3 B. Sukharevskaya sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fanwal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3726-3256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердников</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdnikov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бердников Геннадий Анатольевич кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская площадь, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady A. Berdnikov Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy and Intensive Care</p><p>3 B. Sukharevskaya sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polina1905@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимина</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimina</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зимина Лариса Николаевна доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения паталогической анатомии</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская площадь, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa N. Zimina Doctor of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Department of Pathological Anatomy</p><p>3 B. Sukharevskaya sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lara.zimina.40@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-9491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубцов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubtsov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рубцов Николай Владимирович научный сотрудник отделения неотложной кардиохирургии, вспомогательного кровообращения и трансплантации сердца</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская площадь, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Rubtsov Researcher of the Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery, Assisted Circulation and Heart Transplantation</p><p>3 B. Sukharevskaya sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvrubtsov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4145-1337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазанов</surname><given-names>М. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazanov</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазанов Мурат Хамидбиевич кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий научным отделением неотложной коронарной хирургии</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская площадь, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murat Kh. Mazanov Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Scientific Department of Emergency Coronary Surgery</p><p>3 B. Sukharevskaya sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazan@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-1273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косолапов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosolapov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Косолапов Денис Александрович заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии для кардиохирургических больных</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская площадь, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Kosolapov Head of the Department of Reanimation and Intensive Care for Cardiac Surgery</p><p>3 B. Sukharevskaya sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosolapov.d.a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8739-0221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколов Виктор Викторович доктор медицинских наук, заведующий научным отделением неотложной кардиохирургии, вспомогательного кровообращения и трансплантации сердца</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская площадь, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Sokolov Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Scientific Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery, Assisted Circulation and Heart Transplantation</p><p>3 B. Sukharevskaya sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>383</fpage><lpage>390</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рей С.И., Бердников Г.А., Зимина Л.Н., Рубцов Н.В., Мазанов М.Х., Косолапов Д.А., Соколов В.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рей С.И., Бердников Г.А., Зимина Л.Н., Рубцов Н.В., Мазанов М.Х., Косолапов Д.А., Соколов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rey S.I., Berdnikov G.A., Zimina L.N., Rubtsov N.V., Mazanov M.K., Kosolapov D.A., Sokolov V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/947">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/947</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Аактуальность</title><p>Аактуальность. Острое повреждение почек (ОПП) после кардиохирургических операций остается распространенным и серьезным осложнением.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Выявление факторов риска развития и морфологических особенностей ОПП, оценка применения методов заместительной почечной терапии (ЗПТ) у пациентов после кардиохирургических вмешательств.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследованы 66 пациентов, находившихся на лечении в отделении кардиохирургической реанимации ГБУЗ «НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ» с 2009 по 2018 г. Из них 45 мужчин (68,2%) и 21 женщина (31,8%). Средний возраст пациентов составил 56,3±13,2 года. Проведен клинико-анатомический анализ материала от 19 умерших пациентов. В зависимости от применения методов ЗПТ пациенты были разделены на две группы: 1-я группа — 23 пациента с ОПП, потребовавшим применения ЗПТ ; 2-я группа — 43 пациента — методы ЗПТ не применяли.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Госпитальная летальность в 1-й группе была ниже (34,8% и 41,9% соответственно), однако различия оказались статистически незначимыми (р=0,372). Для выявления факторов развития ОПП проведен пошаговый регрессионный анализ путем построения регрессионной модели пропорциональных рисков Кокса. Статистически значимыми оказались возраст, наличие в анамнезе хронической болезни почек, уровень сывороточного креатинина в первые сутки после операции, тяжесть состояния по шкале APACHE-II, повышение уровня лактата на 2-е сутки послеоперационного периода и снижение темпа диуреза в первые сутки после операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Факторами риска развития острого повреждения почек после операций на сердце в условиях искусственного кровообращения являются: пожилой возраст, наличие в анамнезе хронической болезни почек, тяжесть состояния пациента, оцененная по шкале APACHE-II, повышенный уровень сывороточного креатинина в первые сутки после операции, повышение уровня лактата на 2-е сутки послеоперационного периода, снижение темпа диуреза в первые сутки после операции.Применение заместительной почечной терапии у пациентов после операций в условиях искусственного кровообращения сопровождалось тенденцией к улучшению результатов лечения: госпитальная летальность в группе пациентов, которым проводили заместительную почечную терапию, составила 34,8% против 41,9% в группе без методов заместительной почечной терапии. Морфофункциональными особенностями почечной недостаточности у пациентов с острым почечным повреждением были предшествующие хронические патологические процессы в почках различной этиологии с преимущественным поражением клубочков, сосудов и стромы, а также острые патологические процессы, усугубляющие острое почечное повреждение (дисциркуляторные расстройства дистрофические изменения, некроз и некробиоз эпителия канальцев).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery remains a common and serious complication.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim of study</title><p>Aim of study. To identify risk factors for the development and morphological features of acute renal injury, to assess the use of renal replacement therapy in patients after cardiac surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study involved 66 patients who were treated in the Department of Cardiac Resuscitation of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine from 2009 to 2018. Of these, 45 men (68.2%) and 21 women (31.8%). The mean age of the patients was 56.3±13.2 years. Clinical and anatomical analysis of material from 19 deceased patients was carried out. Depending on the use of methods of renal replacement therapy, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included 23 patients with acute renal injury requiring the use of renal replacement therapy; Group 2 included 43 patients where methods of renal replacement therapy were not used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hospital mortality in Group 1 was lower (34.8 and 41.9%, respectively), however, the differences were statistically insignificant (p=0.372). To identify the factors in the development of acute renal damage, a stepwise regression analysis was performed by constructing a regression model of Cox proportional hazards. Age, history of chronic kidney disease, serum creatinine level on the first day after surgery, severity of the condition according to the APACHE-II scale, increased lactate level on day 2 of the postoperative period, decreased urine output on the first day after surgery were statistically significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Risk factors for the development of ARI after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass are advanced age, CKD in history, the severity of the patient’s condition, assessed by the APACHE-II scale, increased serum creatinine on the first day after surgery, increased lactate on day 2 of the postoperative period, a decreased diuresis on day 1 after surgery. The use of RRT in patients after surgery under the conditions of AC was accompanied by a tendency to improve treatment results: in-hospital mortality in the group of patients who underwent RRT was 34.8% versus 41.9% in the group without RRT methods. Morphological and functional features of renal failure in patients with ARI were preceding chronic renal pathological processes of different etiology, mainly affecting the glomeruli, vessels and stroma, as well as acute pathological processes aggravating ARI (dyscirculatory disorder, degenerative changes, necrosis and necrobiosis tubular epithelium).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острое почечное повреждение</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>кардиохирургические операции</kwd><kwd>заместительная почечная терапия</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute kidney damage</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>cardiac surgery</kwd><kwd>renal replacement therapy</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thakar CV, Christianson A, Freyberg R, Almenoff P, Render ML. Incidence and outcomes of acute kidney injury in intensive care units: a Veterans Administration study. Crit Care Med. 2009;37:2552–2558 PMID: 19602973 https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a5906f</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thakar CV, Christianson A, Freyberg R, Almenoff P, Render ML. Incidence and outcomes of acute kidney injury in intensive care units: a Veterans Administration study. Crit Care Med. 2009;37:2552–2558 PMID: 19602973 https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a5906f</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoste EA, Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R, Cely CM, Colman R, Cruz DN, et al. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: the multinational AKI-EPI study. Intensive Care Med. 2015;41(8):14111423. PMID: 26162677 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3934-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoste EA, Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R, Cely CM, Colman R, Cruz DN, et al. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: the multinational AKI-EPI study. Intensive Care Med. 2015;41(8):1411–1423. PMID: 26162677 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3934-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vincent JL, Lefrant JY, Kotfis K, Nanchal R, Martin-Loeches I, Wittebole X, et al. Comparison of European ICU patients in 2012 (ICON) versus 2002 (SOAP). Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(3):337–344. PMID: 29450593 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-5043-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vincent JL, Lefrant JY, Kotfis K, Nanchal R, Martin-Loeches I, Wittebole X, et al. Comparison of European ICU patients in 2012 (ICON) versus 2002 (SOAP). Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(3):337–344. PMID: 29450593 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-5043-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Corte W, Dhondt A, Vanholder R, De Waele J, Decruyenaere J, Sergoyne V, et al. Long-term outcome in ICU patients with acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):256. PMID: 27520553 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1409-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Corte W, Dhondt A, Vanholder R, De Waele J, Decruyenaere J, Sergoyne V, et al. Long-term outcome in ICU patients with acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):256. PMID: 27520553 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1409-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biteker M, Dayan A, Tekkeşin Aİ, Can MM, Taycı İ, İlhan E, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of perioperative acute kidney injury in noncardiac and nonvascular surgery. Am J Surg. 2014;207(1):53–59. PMID:24050540 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.04.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biteker M, Dayan A, Tekkeşin Aİ, Can MM, Taycı İ, İlhan E, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of perioperative acute kidney injury in noncardiac and nonvascular surgery. Am J Surg. 2014;207(1):53–59. PMID: 24050540 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.04.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Rep. 2012;2(Suppl 1):138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Rep. 2012;2(Suppl 1):138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Annigeri RA, Ostermann M, Tolwani A,Vazquez-Rangel А. Renal Support for Acute Kidney Injury in the Developing World. Kidney Int Rep. 2017;2:559–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2017.04.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Annigeri RA, Ostermann M, Tolwani A,Vazquez-Rangel А. Renal Support for Acute Kidney Injury in the Developing World. Kidney Int Rep. 2017:2:559–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2017.04.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Назаренко Г.И., Кишкун А.А. Лабораторные методы диагностики неотложных состояний. Москва: Медицина; 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazarenko GI, Kishkun AA. Laboratornye metody diagnostiki neotlozhnykh sostoyaniy. Moscow: Meditsina Publ.; 2002. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE.APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13(10):818–829.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE.APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13(10):818–829.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nashef SAM, Roques F, Michel F, Gauducheau E. European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation. Europ J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;16(1):9–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(99)00134-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nashef SAM, Roques F, Michel F, Gauducheau E. European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation. Europ J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;16(1):9–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(99)00134-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y, Bellomo R. Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: risk factors, pathophysiology and treatment. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(11):697–711. PMID: 28869251 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2017.119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y, Bellomo R. Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: risk factors, pathophysiology and treatment. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(11):697–711. PMID: 28869251 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2017.119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corredor C, Thomson R, Al-Subaie N. Long-Term Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2016;30(1):69–75. PMID: 26482483 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2015.07.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corredor C, Thomson R, Al-Subaie N. Long-Term Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2016;30(1):69–75. PMID: 26482483 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2015.07.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petäjä L, Vaara S, Liuhanen S, Suojaranta-Ylinen R, Mildh L, Nisula S, et al. Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery by Complete KDIGO Criteria Predicts Increased Mortality. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017;31(3):827–836. PMID: 27856153 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2016.08.026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petäjä L, Vaara S, Liuhanen S, Suojaranta-Ylinen R, Mildh L, Nisula S, et al. Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery by Complete KDIGO Criteria Predicts Increased Mortality. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017;31(3):827–836. PMID: 27856153 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2016.08.026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chertow GM, Burdick E, Honour M, Bonventre JV, Bates DW. Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16(11):3365–3370. PMID: 16177006 https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2004090740</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chertow GM, Burdick E, Honour M, Bonventre JV, Bates DW. Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16(11):3365–3370. PMID: 16177006 https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2004090740</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang A, Cai Y, Wang PF, Qu JN, Luo ZC, Chen XD, et al. Diagnosis and prognosis of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for acute kidney injury with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2016;20:41. PMID: 26880194 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-0161212-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang A, Cai Y, Wang PF, Qu JN, Luo ZC, Chen XD, et al. Diagnosis and prognosis of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for acute kidney injury with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2016;20:41. PMID: 26880194 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-0161212-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho J, Tangri N, Komenda P, Kaushal A, Sood M, Brar R, et al. Urinary. Plasma, and Serum Biomarkers’ Utility for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Cardiac Surgery in Adults: A Meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(6):993–1005. PMID: 26253993 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.06.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho J, Tangri N, Komenda P, Kaushal A, Sood M, Brar R, et al. Urinary. Plasma, and Serum Biomarkers’ Utility for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Cardiac Surgery in Adults: A Meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(6):993–1005. PMID: 26253993 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.06.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Geus HR, Betjes MG, Bakker J. Biomarkers for the prediction of acute kidney injury: a narrative review on current status and future challenges. Clin Kidney J. 2012;5(2):102–108. PMID: 22833807 https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfs008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Geus HR, Betjes MG, Bakker J. Biomarkers for the prediction of acute kidney injury: a narrative review on current status and future challenges. Clin Kidney J. 2012;5(2):102–108. PMID: 22833807 https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfs008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
