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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2020-9-1-159-166</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-916</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Осмотический демиелинизирующий синдром</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Osmotic Demyelinating Syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-4114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанов</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramazanov</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Scientific</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ramazanovgr@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-3509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Neurological</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevchenkoev@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-1417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалева Элла Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-невролог неврологического отделения для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения с палатой реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Neurologist, Neurological</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ellaz@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3578-7029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Желев</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhelev</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий отделением рентгеновской компьютерной томографии и радиоизотопной диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of X-ray Computed Tomography and Radioisotope Diagnostics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jelevig@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-8054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-рентгенолог центра радиохирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radiologist at the Radiosurgery Center</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepanovvn@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-428X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахпазов</surname><given-names>С. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhpazov</surname><given-names>S. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist, Neurological</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shahpazov-93@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-592X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коригова</surname><given-names>Х. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korigova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist, Neurological</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khadi.korigova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петриков</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrikov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrikovss@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Неврологическое отделение для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department for Patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Accident with Intensive Care Unit, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Неврологическое отделение для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>166</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рамазанов Г.Р., Шевченко Е.В., Ковалева Э.А., Желев И.Г., Степанов В.Н., Шахпазов С.Ж., Коригова Х.В., Петриков С.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рамазанов Г.Р., Шевченко Е.В., Ковалева Э.А., Желев И.Г., Степанов В.Н., Шахпазов С.Ж., Коригова Х.В., Петриков С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ramazanov G.R., Shevchenko E.V., Kovaleva E.A., Zhelev I.G., Stepanov V.N., Shakhpazov S.Z., Korigova K.V., Petrikov S.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/916">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/916</self-uri><abstract><p>РЕЗЮМЕ. Данная статья посвящена обсуждению клинических случаев редкого и трудно диагностируемого поражения головного мозга — осмотического демиелинизирующего синдрома (ОДС). ОДС — жизнеугрожающее состояние, проявляющееся остро возникающей демиелинизацией головного мозга на фоне водно-электролитных нарушений, как правило, связанных с быстрой коррекцией гипонатриемии. В рамках ОДС выделяют центральный понтинный миелинолиз (ЦПМ) и экстрапонтинный миелинолиз (ЭПМ), которые сопровождаются острой демиелинизацией в области моста и белого вещества больших полушарий головного мозга соответственно. В 60% ОДС сочетает в себе ЦПМ и ЭПМ. Основная причина развития ОДС — нарушения водно-электролитного обмена, возникающие на фоне злоупотребления алкоголем, хронической печеночной и/или почечной недостаточности, сахарного диабета, синдрома Шихана, полидипсии, состояния после удаления аденомы гипофиза, булимии, синдрома иммунодефицита. В настоящее время диагнос- тика ОДС основана на данных магнитно-резонансной томографии головного мозга. В статье ука- заны основные причины заболевания, клинические особенности, методы диагностики и лечения, а также исходы заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>ABSTRACT. This article discusses the clinical cases of rare and difficult to diagnose brain damage — osmotic demyelinating syndrome (ODS). ODS is a lifethreatening condition, manifested by acute demyelination of the headbrain on the background of water-electrolyte disturbances,usually associated with fast management of hyponatremia. Within the framework of ODS, central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and extra-pontine myelinolysis (EPM) are observed, which are accompanied by acute demyelination in the pons and white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, respectively. In 60%, CPM combine with EPM. The main reason for the development of ODS is a violation of water-electrolyte metabolism associated with alcohol abuse, chronic hepatic and/or renal failure, diabetes mellitus, Sheehan syndrome, polydipsia, condition after the removal of pituitary adenoma, bulimia, immunodeficiency syndrome. Today, the diagnosis of ODS is based on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The article indicates the main causes of the disease, clinical features, methods of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the outcomes of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>центральный понтинный миелинолиз</kwd><kwd>экстрапонтинный миелинолиз</kwd><kwd>осмотический демиелинизирующий синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>central pontine myelinolysis</kwd><kwd>extrapontine myelinolysis</kwd><kwd>osmotic demyelinating syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Усова Н.Н., Лемешков Л.А., Латышева В.Я., Галиновская Н.В., Курман В.Я., Скачков А.В. Случай центрального понтинного миелинолиза у молодой женщины на фоне острого панкреатита. Проблемы здоровья и экологии. 2016;1(47):87–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usova NN, Lemeshkov LA, Latysheva VYa, Galinovskaya NV, Kurman VI, Skachkov AV. 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