nmpЖурнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"2223-90222541-8017“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”10.23934/2223-9022-2020-9-1-68-84nmp-907Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSВывихи плечаShoulder Dislocationshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-3644БондаревВ. Б.BondarevV. B.

Бондарев Василий Бриджевич, научный сотрудник

Vasily B. Bondarev, Researcher

bondarev.niisp@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-449XВазаА. Ю.VazaA. Y.

кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

Cand. Med. Sci., Leading Researcher

vazal@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-920XФайнА. М.FaynA. M.

доктор медицинских наук, заведующий

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head

finn.loko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-8736ТитовР. С.TitovR. S.

кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник

Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher

Отделение неотложной травматологии опорно-двигательного аппарата, ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»РоссияDepartment of Emergency Trauma of Musculoskeletal System, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency MedicineRussian Federation202018102020916884Copyright © Бондарев В.Б., Ваза А.Ю., Файн А.М., Титов Р.С., 20202020Бондарев В.Б., Ваза А.Ю., Файн А.М., Титов Р.С.Bondarev V.B., Vaza A.Y., Fayn A.M., Titov R.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/907

РЕЗЮМЕ. Вывихи плеча являются одной из самых распространенных травм и занимают первое место по частоте среди всех вывихов конечностей. В настоящее время сохраняется классический подход к лечению и диагностике данной патологии. После анестезии производят устранение вывиха, конечность иммобилизируют косыночной повязкой. На срок иммобилизации единого взгляда нет. Общепринятыми показаниями к оперативному лечению являются невправляемый, привычный и открытый вывих плеча. Предпочтение отдают операциям с восстановлением анатомии, тогда как в конце прошлого века часто применяли техники, ограничивающие амплитуду движений в плечевом суставе. В настоящее время нефизиологичные способы реконструкции не приветствуются, поскольку они нарушают нормальную биомеханику плечевого сустава и напрямую не влияют на патологический субстрат повреждений. Исходы после артроскопических вариантов операций не уступают таковым после открытых вмешательств. В данной статье представлен обзор клинических и рентгенологических методов обследования пациентов, вариантов лечения данной патологии.

ABSTRACT. Shoulder dislocations are among the most common injuries and occupy the first place among all dislocations of limbs. Currently, the conventional approach to the treatment and diagnosis of this pathology is preserved. The closed reduction is performed under local anesthesia, the limb is immobilized with a bandage sling. There is no single opinion on the period of immobilization. Common indications for surgical treatment are unreduced, habitual and open shoulder dislocations. The preference is given to operations with the restoration of anatomy, while at the end of the last century, techniques were often used to limit the amplitude of movements in the shoulder joint. Currently unphysiological reconstruction methods are not favourable, since they violate the normal biomechanics of the shoulder joint and do not directly affect the pathological substrate of damage. Outcomes after arthroscopic options for operations are not inferior to those after open interventions. This article provides an overview of clinical and radiological methods for examining patients and treatment options for this pathology.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.