<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2020-9-1-51-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-905</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ятрогенные повреждения лучевого нерва при остеосинтезе плечевой кости. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Iatrogenic Damage to the Radial Nerve During Osteosynthesis of the Humerus. Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-7082</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боголюбский</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogolyubsky</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боголюбский Юрий Андреевич, научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri A. Bogolyubsky, Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bo_y_an@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-920X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файн</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fayn</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий научным</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">finn.loko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-6374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сачков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sachkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий научным отделением острых термических поражений</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Dr. Med. Sci., Cand. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of Acute Thermal Trauma</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hand@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9109-0790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мажорова</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazhorova</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник отделения ультразвуковой диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of the Department of Ultrasoud Diagnosis</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shinycoin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-449X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ваза</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaza</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Leading Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vazal@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-8736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doktor-titoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-3644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bondarev.niisp@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9574-398X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeyev</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mail4doctor@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Отделение неотложной травматологии опорно-двигательного аппарата, ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Emergency Trauma of Musculoskeletal System, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боголюбский Ю.А., Файн А.М., Сачков А.В., Мажорова И.И., Ваза А.Ю., Титов Р.С., Бондарев В.Б., Сергеев А.Ю., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боголюбский Ю.А., Файн А.М., Сачков А.В., Мажорова И.И., Ваза А.Ю., Титов Р.С., Бондарев В.Б., Сергеев А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogolyubsky Y.A., Fayn A.M., Sachkov A.V., Mazhorova I.I., Vaza A.Y., Titov R.S., Bondarev V.B., Sergeyev A.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/905">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/905</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ</title><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Определяется значительной частотой ятрогенных повреждений лучевого нерва при внутреннем остеосинтезе плечевой кости, длительно сохраняющимися функциональными расстройствами, большим количеством неудовлетворительных результатов, а также отсутствием единого подхода к диагностике и лечению.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ. Изучены причины ятрогенных повреждений лучевого нерва у 22 пациентов, которым при переломах диафиза плечевой кости был выполнен погружной остеосинтез. Для визуализации лучевого нерва использовали ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ). У 13 пациентов (59,1%) применили патогенетическую схему лечения, включающую медикаментозную, физио- и механотерапию.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. При остеосинтезе плечевой кости пластинами наблюдали большее число ятрогенных повреждений лучевого нерва, чем при остеосинтезе штифтами. Метод УЗИ имеет высокие показатели диагностической ценности для определения непрерывности нервного ствола и выявления конфликта с твердыми структурами. Применение патогенетической терапии нейропатии приводило к более быстрому клиническому восстановлению функции конечности.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Для профилактики ятрогенных повреждений, кроме избегания грубых манипуляций при накостном остеосинтезе, необходим доступ с достаточной визуализацией лучевого нерва, а при интрамедуллярном остеосинтезе — выполнение дистального блокирования вне проекции лучевого нерва. Показаниями к ранней ревизии после ятрогенного повреждения являются нейротмезис и конфликт нерва с костными отломками или имплантом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>THE RELEVANCE is determined by the significant frequency of iatrogenic injuries of the radial nerve during internal osteosynthesis of the humerus, long-lasting functional disorders, a large number of unsatisfactory results, as well as the lack of a unified approach to diagnosis and treatment.</p><sec><title>MATERIAL AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIAL AND METHODS. The causes of iatrogenic damage to the radial nerve were studied in 22 patients who underwent internal fixation during fractures of the humeral diaphysis. The ultrasound examination was used to visualize the radial nerve. In 13 patients (59.1%), a pathogenetic treatment was used, including medication, physical and mechanical therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION</title><p>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. In plate osteosynthesis, a greater number of iatrogenic damage to the radial nerve was observed than during osteosynthesis with screws. The ultrasound method had high diagnostic values to determine the continuity of the nerve trunk and identify conflicts with solid structures. The use of pathogenetic therapy of neuropathy led to a more rapid clinical recovery of limb function.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. To prevent iatrogenic injuries and avoid gross manipulations, the access with sufficient visualization of the radial nerve is necessary in plate osteosynthesis and distal blocking outside the projection of the radial nerve is necessary in intramedullary osteosynthesis. Indications for early revision after iatrogenic damage are neurotmesis and a nerve conflict with bone fragments or an implant.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диафизарный перелом плечевой кости</kwd><kwd>погружной остеосинтез</kwd><kwd>ятрогенная нейропатия</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>ревизия лучевого нерва</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diaphyseal fracture of the humerus</kwd><kwd>internal osteosynthesis</kwd><kwd>iatrogenic neuropathy</kwd><kwd>ultrasound</kwd><kwd>revision of the radial nerve</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Золотова Ю.А. Профилактика ятрогенных повреждений лучевого нерва при лечении переломов плеча: автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. Якутск; 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zolotova YuA. Profilaktika yatrogennykh povrezhdeniy luchevogo nerva pri lechenii perelomov plecha: cand. med. sci. diss. synopsis. Yakutsk; 2016. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шоломова Е.И., Романенко В.Ю., Нинель В.Г., Арутюнян Т.Р., Шоломов И.И., Шульдяков А.А. Субклинические формы нейропатий при диафизарных переломах плеча. Саратовский научно-медицинский журнал. 2012;(2):556–560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sholomova EI, Romanenko VYu, Ninel’ VG, Arutyunyan TR, Sholomov II, Shul’dyakov AA. Subclinical forms of neuropathy with diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research. 2012;(2):556–560. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shoji K, Heng M, Harris MB, Appleton PT, Vrahas MS, Weaver MJ. Time from injury to surgical fixation of diaphyseal humerus fractures is not associated with an increased risk of iatrogenic radial nerve palsy. J Orthop Trauma. 2017;31(9):491–496. PMID: 28459772 https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000000875</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shoji K, Heng M, Harris MB, Appleton PT, Vrahas MS, Weaver MJ. Time from injury to surgical fixation of diaphyseal humerus fractures is not associated with an increased risk of iatrogenic radial nerve palsy. J Orthop Trauma. 2017;31(9):491–496. PMID: 28459772 https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000000875</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кхир Бек М. Комплексная диагностика и оптимальный подход к лечению травматических повреждений лучевого нерва: автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. Москва; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kkhir Bek M. Kompleksnaya diagnostika i optimal’nyy podkhod k lecheniyu travmaticheskikh povrezhdeniy luchevogo nerva: cand. med. sci. diss. synopsis. Moscow; 2009. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Живолупов С.А. Травматические невропатии и плексопатии (патогенез, клиника, диагностика и лечение): автореферат дис. … д-ра мед. наук. Санкт-Петербург; 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhivolupov SA. Travmaticheskie nevropatii i pleksopatii (patogenez, klinika, diagnostika i lechenie): dr. med. sci. diss. synopsis. Saint Peterburg; 2000. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скороглядов А.В., Соков Е.Л., Афанасьев Д.С., Альзамнль Халил М. Новое в диагностике и лечении пациентов с неврологическими осложнениями при закрытых переломах и вывихах плеча. Российский медицинский журнал. 2006;(1):20–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skoroglyadov AV, Sokov EL, Afanas’ev DS, Al’zamnl’ Khalil M. Novoe v diagnostike i lechenii patsientov s nevrologicheskimi oslozhneniyami pri zakrytykh perelomakh i vyvikhakh plecha. Russian Medical Journal. 2006;(1):20–23. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Губочкин Н.Г., Иванов В.С., Ткаченко М.В. Структура повреждений длинных ветвей плечевого сплетения и отдаленные результаты невролиза у пациентов с застарелыми травмами верхней конечности. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2006;2(40):89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gubochkin NG, Ivanov VS, Tkachenko MV. Struktura povrezhdeniy dlinnykh vetvey plechevogo spleteniya i otdalennye rezul’taty nevroliza u patsientov s zastarelymi travmami verkhney konechnosti. Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2006;2(40):89. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwab TR, Stillhard PF, Schibli S, Furrer M, Sommer C. Radial nerve palsy in humeral shaft fractures with internal fixation: analysis of management and outcome. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018;44(2):235–243. PMID: 28280873 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-017-0775-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwab TR, Stillhard PF, Schibli S, Furrer M, Sommer C. Radial nerve palsy in humeral shaft fractures with internal fixation: analysis of management and outcome. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018;44(2):235–243. PMID: 28280873 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-017-0775-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claessen FM, Peters RM, Verbeek DO, Helfet DL, Ring D. Factors associated with radial nerve palsy after operative treatment of diaphyseal humeral shaft fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(11):307–311. PMID: 26341025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2015.07.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claessen FM, Peters RM, Verbeek DO, Helfet DL, Ring D. Factors associated with radial nerve palsy after operative treatment of diaphyseal humeral shaft fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(11):307–311. PMID: 26341025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2015.07.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Неверов В.А.,Черняев С.Н., Шинкаренко Д.В. Тактика лечения переломов плечевой кости, осложнённых повреждением периферических нервов. Вестник хирургии им. И.И. Грекова. 2015;(6):42–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neverov VA, Chernyaev SN, Shinkarenko DV. Therapeutic Approach to Humeral Bone Fractures Complicated by Peripheral Nerve Trauma. Grekov’s Bulletin of Surgery. 2015;174(6):42–45. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2015-174-6-42-45</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Одинак М.М., Живолупов С.А. Заболевания и травмы периферической нервной системы (обобщение клинического и экспериментального опыта): руководство для врачей. Санкт-Петербург: СпецЛит; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Odinak MM, Zhivolupov SA. Zabolevaniya i travmy perifericheskoy nervnoy sistemy (obobshchenie klinicheskogo i eksperimental’nogo opyta). Saint Peterburg: SpetsLit Publ.; 2009. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reichert P, Wnukiewicz W, Witkowski J, Bocheńska A, Mizia S, Gosk J, Zimmer K. Causes of secondary radial nerve palsy and results of treatment. Med Sci Monit. 2016;22:554–562. PMID: 26895570 https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.897170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reichert P, Wnukiewicz W, Witkowski J, Bocheńska A, Mizia S, Gosk J, Zimmer K. Causes of secondary radial nerve palsy and results of treatment. Med Sci Monit. 2016;22:554–562. PMID: 26895570. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.897170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касаткина Л.Ф., Гильванова О.В. Электромиографические методы исследования в диагностике нервно-мышечных заболеваний. Игольчатая миография. Москва: Медика; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasatkina LF, Gil’vanova OV. Elektromiograficheskie metody issledovaniya v diagnostike nervno-myshechnykh zabolevaniy. Igol’chataya miografiya. Moscow: Medika Publ.; 2010. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алейникова И.Б., Сачков А.В, Касаткин Д.С., Мажорова И.И., Гринь А.А. Повреждения периферических нервов. В кн.: Крылов В.В. (ред.) Нейрохирургия и нейрореаниматология. Москва: АБВ-пресс; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleynikova IB, Sachkov AV, Kasatkin DS, Mazhorova II, Grin’ AA. Povrezhdeniya perifericheskikh nervov. In: Krylov VV (ed.) Neyrokhirurgiya i neyroreanimatologiya. Moscow: ABV-press Publ.; 2018. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peer S, Bodner G, Meirer R, Willeit J, Piza-Katzer H. Examination of postoperative peripheral nerve lesions with high-resolution sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;2:415–419. PMID: 11461873 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.177.2.1770415</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peer S, Bodner G, Meirer R, Willeit J, Piza-Katzer H. Examination of postoperative peripheral nerve lesions with high-resolution sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;2:415–419. PMID: 11461873 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.177.2.1770415</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toros T, Karabay N, Ozaksar K, Sugun TS, Kayalar M, Bal E. Evaluation of peripheral nerves of the upper limb with ultrasonography: a comparison of ultrasonographic examination and the intraoperative findings. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91(6):762–765. PMID: 19483229 https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.91B6.22284</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toros T, Karabay N, Ozaksar K, Sugun TS, Kayalar M, Bal E. Evaluation of peripheral nerves of the upper limb with ultrasonography: a comparison of ultrasonographic examination and the intraoperative findings. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91(6):762–765. PMID: 19483229 https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.91B6.22284</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alaqeel A, Alshomer F. High resolution ultrasound in the evaluation and management of traumatic peripheral nerve injures: review of the literature. Oman Med J. 2014;29(5):314–319. PMID: 25337305 https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2014.86</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alaqeel A, Alshomer F. High resolution ultrasound in the evaluation and management of traumatic peripheral nerve injures: review of the literature. Oman Med J. 2014;29(5):314–319. PMID: 25337305 https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2014.86</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малецкий Э.Ю., Короткевич М.М., Бутова А.В., Александров Н.Ю., Ицкович И.Э. Измерение периферических нервов: сопоставление ультразвуковых, магнитно-резонансных и интраоперационных данных. Медицинская визуализация. 2015;(2):78–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maletskiy EY, Korotkevich MM, Butova AV, Alexandrov NY, Itskovich IE. Measurements of Peripheral Nerves: Comparison of Ultrasound, MRI and Direct Intraoperative Data. Medical Visualization. 2015;(2):78–86. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартель И.И., Мещерягина И.А., Митина Ю. Л., Россик О.С., Михайлова Е. А. МРТ-диагностика повреждений периферических нервов. Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра СО РАМН. 2011:4(80):119–123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martel II, Meshcheryagina IA, Mitina YuL, Rossik OS, Mikhailova EA. MR-Image Diagnostics of Injuries of Peripheral Nerves. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2011:4(80):119–123. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S, Choi JY, Huh YM, Song HT, Lee SA, Kim SM, Suh JS. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in entrapment and compressive neuropathy — what, where, and how to see the peripheral nerves on the musculoskeletal magnetic resonance image: part 2. Upper extremity. Eur Radiol. 2007;17(2):509–522. PMID: 16572333 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-006-0180-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S, Choi JY, Huh YM, Song HT, Lee SA, Kim SM, et al. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in entrapment and compressive neuropathy—what, where, and how to see the peripheral nerves on the musculoskeletal magnetic resonance image: part 2. Upper extremity. Eur Radiol. 2007;17(2):509–522. PMID: 16572333 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-006-0180-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niver GE, IIyas AM. Management of radial nerve palsy following fractures of the humerus. Orthop Clin North Am. 2013;44:419–424. PMID: 23827843 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2013.03.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niver GE, IIyas AM. Management of radial nerve palsy following fractures of the humerus. Orthop Clin North Am. 2013;44:419–424. PMID: 23827843 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2013.03.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шоломова Е.И., Арутюнян Т.Р., Салина Е.А., Шоломов И.И. Нейропротекция в лечении посттравматических нейропатий. Поликлиника. 2012;(1–2):45–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sholomova EI, Arutyunyan TR, Salina EA, Sholomov II. Neyroprotektsiya v lechenii posttravmaticheskikh neyropatiy. Poliklinika. 2012;(1–2):45–47. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боголюбский Ю.А., Клюквин И.Ю., Сластинин В.В. Современное состояние проблемы диагностики и лечения закрытых диафизарных переломов плечевой кости, осложненных нейропатией лучевого нерва. Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского Неотложная медицинская помощь. 2015;(4):30–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogolyubsky YA, Klyukvin IY, Slastinin VV. Current State of Diagnosing and Treatment of Closed Dyaphiseal Fractures of the Humerus Complicated by Radial Nerve Palsy. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal Emergency Medical Care. 2015;(4):30–38. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щеткин В.А., Е.А. Чукина Е.А., Воронцов Ю.А. Комплексная методика восстановительного лечения у больных с переломами плечевой кости на ранних этапах стационарного лечения. Журнал имени Н.В. Склифосовского Неотложная медицинская помощь. 2013;(4):35–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schetkin VA, Chukina EA, Vorontsov YA. An Exercise Therapy in Patients With Intra-Articular Fractures in the Distal Part of Humerus. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal Emergency Medical Care. 2013;(4):35–38. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
