<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2019-8-3-295-301</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-690</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS OF LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности клинического течения черепно-мозговой травмы при различных видах повреждения головного мозга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Features of Traumatic Brain Injury in Various Kinds of Brain Damage</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>Y. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Екатерина Борисовна - научный сотрудник отдела общей реанимации</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterina B. Vasilyeva - Researcher of the Resuscitation Department</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vaskat17@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-8164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Талыпов</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Talypov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Талыпов Александр Эрнестович - доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник клиники нейрохирургии</p><p>Отдел общей реанимации</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr E. Talypov - Dr. Med. Sci., Chief Researcher, Neurosurgery Clinic</p><p>Resuscitation Department</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петриков</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrikov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петриков Сергей Сергеевич - профессор РАН, директор</p><p>Отдел общей реанимации</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Petrikov - Professor of RAS, Director</p><p>Resuscitation Department</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>295</fpage><lpage>301</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильева Е.Б., Талыпов А.Э., Петриков С.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильева Е.Б., Талыпов А.Э., Петриков С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva Y.B., Talypov A.E., Petrikov S.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/690">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/690</self-uri><abstract><p>Различные обстоятельства травмы ведут к образованию разных видов повреждения головного мозга. Основные типы деструктивного воздействия по биомеханике возникновения травмы — ударно-противоударный и «ускорение–замедление». При высокой интенсивности травмирующей силы создаются условия для возникновения сочетаний различных видов повреждений, что ведет к утяжелению патологических процессов, вызванных травмой, к усложнению клинической картины, трудностям диагностики и прогноза лечения, пролонгирует процесс выздоровления, а также требует дополнительных методов исследования и лечения пострадавших. Определение генеза симптомов, наблюдаемых при неврологическом осмотре, и особенно дифференциальная диагностика между первичными и вторичными поражениями ствола мозга необходимы для выбора экстренной помощи пострадавшим с тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмой, а также для прогноза исходов лечения. Динамика неврологических симптомов (уровня бодрствования, размеров зрачков, подвижности глазных яблок, нарушений мышечного тонуса и движений в конечностях, патологических стопных знаков) имеет значительные отличия у пациентов с различными видами повреждения мозга, что делает крайне важной регулярную оценку неврологического статуса у этой категории пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Various circumstances of the injury lead to various types of brain damage. The main types of destructive effects are countracoup effect and acceleration/deceleration. The high intensity injuring force creates conditions for occurrence of combinations of different types of damage leading to aggravation of pathological processes caused by trauma, complication of clinical picture, difficulties of diagnosis and treatment, prolongation of hospital stay, and requires an additional methods of research and treating the injured. Finding the genesis of symptoms observed upon neurologic examination, and especially the differential diagnosis between primary and secondary lesions of the brain stem are nessesary to choose the emergency care for victims with severe traumatic brain injury, as well as to forecast the outcomes of treatment. The dynamics of neurological symptoms (level of wakefulness, pupil size, eyeball mobility, muscle tone and limb movement disorders, pathological plantar reflexes) have significant differences in patients with various types of brain damage, which makes a regular assessment of neurological status extremely important in these patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>виды повреждения головного мозга</kwd><kwd>неврологический статус</kwd><kwd>прогноз исходов лечения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>types of brain damage</kwd><kwd>neurological status</kwd><kwd>forecasting the outcomes of treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.В. (ред.) Лекции по черепно-мозговой травме: учебное пособие. Москва: Медицина; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylov VV. (ed.) Lektsii po cherepno-mozgovoy travme. Moscow: Meditsina Publ.; 2010. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global Health Statistics. Geneva: WHO; 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global Health Statistics. Geneva: WHO; 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.В., Талыпов А.Э., Левченко О.В. (ред.) Хирургия тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы. Москва: АБВ-пресс; 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylov VV, Talypov AE, Levchenko OV. (ed.) Khirurgiya tyazheloy cherepno-mozgovoy travmy. Moscow: ABV-press Publ.; 2019. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лихтерман Л.Б. Неврология черепно-мозговой травмы. Москва: Т.М. Андреева; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Likhterman LB. Nevrologiya cherepno-mozgovoy travmy. Moscow: T.M. Andreeva Publ.; 2009. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пурас Ю.В., Талыпов А.Э., Петриков С.С., Крылов В.В. Факторы вторичного ишемического повреждения головного мозга при черепно-мозговой травме. Ч.1. Внутричерепные и внечерепные факторы вторичного повреждения мозга. Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь». 2012;(1):56–65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puras UV, Talypov AE, Petrikov SS, Krylov VV. Factors of Secondary Ischemic Cerebral Damage at Craniocerebral Trauma Part 1. Intracranial and Extracranial Factors of Secondary Cerebral Damage. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal “Emergency Medical Care”. 2012; (1): 56–65. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parizel P, Van Goethem J, Ozsarlak O, Maes M, Philips SD. New developments in the neuroradiological diagnosis of craniocerebral trauma. Eur Radiol. 2005;15(3):569–581. PMID: 15696294 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-004-2558-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parizel P, Van Goethem J, Ozsarlak O, Maes M, Philips SD. New developments in the neuroradiological diagnosis of craniocerebral trauma. Eur Radiol. 2005;15(3):569–581. PMID: 15696294 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-004-2558-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клименко Н.Б., Касумов Р.Д., Григорьев С.Г. Прогнозирование ранних исходов тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы в зависимости от длительности неврологических синдромов и наличия осложнений. Вестник хирургии им. И.И. Грекова. 2001;(2):46–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimenko NB, Kasumov RD, Grigor’ev SG. Prognozirovanie rannikh iskhodov tyazheloy cherepno-mozgovoy travmy v zavisimosti ot dlitel’nosti nevrologicheskikh sindromov i nalichiya oslozhneniy. Grekov’s Bulletin of Surgery. 2001;(2):46–49. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дуус П. Топический диагноз в неврологии. Анатомия. Физиология. Клиника. Москва: ВАЗАР-ФЕРРО; 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duus P. Topicheskiy diagnoz v nevrologii. Anatomiya. Fiziologiya. Klinika. Moscow: VAZAR-FERRO Publ.; 1996. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenberg MS. Handbook of neurosurgery. 5th ed. New York: Thieme, Verlag; 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenberg MS. Handbook of neurosurgery. 5th ed. New York: Thieme, Verlag; 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ragasis V. Brain contusion: morphology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Medicina (Kaunas). 2002;38(3):243–249. PMID: 12474694</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ragasis V. Brain contusion: morphology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Medicina (Kaunas). 2002;38(3):243–249. PMID: 12474694</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пурас Ю.В., Кордонский А.Ю., Талыпов А.Э. Механизмы эволюции очагов ушиба головного мозга. Нейрохирургия. 2013;(4):91–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puras JuV, Kordonsky AJu, Talypov AE. Mechanisms of brain contusion foci progression. Russian Journal of Neurosurgery. 2013;(4):91–96. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J, Gordon D, Hartl R, Newell DW, et al. Surgical management of acute subdural hematomas. Neurosurgery. 2006; 58(3Suppl):S16–24. PMID: 16710968. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000210364.29290.c9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J, Gordon D, Hartl R, Newell DW, et al. Surgical management of acute subdural hematomas. Neurosurgery. 2006; 58(3Suppl):S16–24. PMID: 16710968 https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000210364.29290.c9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petridis AK, Dorner L, Doukas A, Eifrig S, Barth H, Mehdorn M. Acute subdural hematoma in the elderly; clinical and CT factors influencing the surgical treatment decision. Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2009;70(2):73–78. PMID: 19711259. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1224096</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petridis AK, Dorner L, Doukas A, Eifrig S, Barth H, Mehdorn M. Acute subdural hematoma in the elderly; clinical and CT factors influencing the surgical treatment decision. Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2009;70(2):73–78. PMID: 19711259 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1224096</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Won SY, Dubinski D, Behmanesh B, Strzelczyk A, Seifert V, Konczalla J, et al. Clinical relevance of seizure in pediatric patients with isolated acute subdural hematoma without parenchymal brain injury. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2019;80(4)233–239. PMID: 30895570. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677824</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Won SY, Dubinski D, Behmanesh B, Strzelczyk A, Seifert V, Konczalla J, et al. Clinical relevance of seizure in pediatric patients with isolated acute subdural hematoma without parenchymal brain injury. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2019;80(4)233–239. PMID: 30895570 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677824</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Won SY, Dubinski D, Brawanski N, Strzelczyk A, Seifert V, Freiman TM, et al. Significant increase in acute subdural hematoma in octoand nonagenarians: surgical treatment, functional outcome, and predictors in this patient cohort. J Neurosurg Focus. 2017;43(5):E10. PMID: 29088952 https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.7.focus17417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Won SY, Dubinski D, Brawanski N, Strzelczyk A, Seifert V, Freiman TM, et al. Significant increase in acute subdural hematoma in octoand nonagenarians: surgical treatment, functional outcome, and predictors in this patient cohort. J Neurosurg Focus. 2017;43(5):E10. PMID: 29088952 https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.7.focus17417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bajsarowicz P, Prakash I, Lamoureux J, Saluja RS, Feyz M, Maleki M, et al. Nonsurgical acute traumatic subdural hematoma: what is the risk? J Neurosurg. 2015;123(5):1176–1183. PMID: 25955872 https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.jns141728</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bajsarowicz P, Prakash I, Lamoureux J, Saluja RS, Feyz M, Maleki M, et al. Nonsurgical acute traumatic subdural hematoma: what is the risk? J Neurosurg. 2015;123(5):1176–1183. PMID: 25955872 https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.jns141728</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dunn LT. Raised intracranial pressure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002; 73(Suppl 1): i23–27 PMID: 12185258. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.73.suppl_1.i23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunn LT. Raised intracranial pressure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002; 73(Suppl 1): i23–27 PMID: 12185258 https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.73.suppl_1.i23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo C, Liu L, Wang B, Wang Z. Swirl sign in traumatic acute epidural hematoma: prognostic value and surgical management. Neurol Sci. 2017;38(12):2111–2116. PMID: 28894943 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-017-3121-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo C, Liu L, Wang B, Wang Z. Swirl sign in traumatic acute epidural hematoma: prognostic value and surgical management. Neurol Sci. 2017;38(12):2111–2116. PMID: 28894943 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-017-3121-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alahmadi HS, Vachhrajani S, Cusimano MD. The natural history of brain contusion: an analysis of radiological and clinical progression. J Neurosurg. 2010;112(5):1139–1145. PMID: 19575576 https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.5.jns081369</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alahmadi HS, Vachhrajani S, Cusimano MD. The natural history of brain contusion: an analysis of radiological and clinical progression. J Neurosurg. 2010;112(5):1139–1145. PMID:19575576 https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.5.jns081369</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurland D, Hong C, Aarabi B, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Hemorrhagic progression of a contusion after traumatic brain injury: a review. J Neurotrauma. 2012;29(1):19–31. PMID: 21988198 https://doi.org/10.3410/f.13780957.15206060</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurland D, Hong C, Aarabi B, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Hemorrhagic progression of a contusion after traumatic brain injury: a review. J Neurotrauma. 2012;29(1):19–31. PMID: 21988198 https://doi.org/10.3410/f.13780957.15206060</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oertel M, Kelly DF, McArthur D, Boscardin WJ, Glenn TC, Lee JH, et al. Progressive hemorrhage after head trauma: predictors and consequences of the evolving injury. J Neurosurg. 2002;96(1):109–116. PMID: 11794591 https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oertel M, Kelly DF, McArthur D, Boscardin WJ, Glenn TC, Lee JH, et al. Progressive hemorrhage after head trauma: predictors and consequences of the evolving injury. J Neurosurg. 2002;96(1):109–116. PMID: 11794591 https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reilly PL, Bullock MR. (eds.) Head injury. Pathophysiology and management. 2nd ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reilly PL, Bullock MR. (eds.) Head injury. Pathophysiology and management. 2nd ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perez-Barcena J, Llompart-Pou JA, Homar J, Abadal JM, Raurich JM, Frontera G, et al. Pentobarbital versus thiopental in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2008;12(4):112. PMID: 18759980 https://doi.org/10.1186/cc6999</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perez-Barcena J, Llompart-Pou JA, Homar J, Abadal JM, Raurich JM, Frontera G, et al. Pentobarbital versus thiopental in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2008;12(4):112. PMID: 18759980 https://doi.org/10.1186/cc6999</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Плам Ф., Познер Дж.Б. Диагностика ступора и комы. Москва: Медицина; 1986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plam F, Pozner DzhB. Diagnostika stupora i komy. Moscow: Meditsina Publ.;1986. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцев О.С. Психопатология тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы. Москва: Медпресс-информ; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaytsev OS. Psikhopatologiya tyazheloy cherepno-mozgovoy travmy. Moscow: Medpress-inform Publ.; 2011. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.В., Талыпов А.Э., Кордонский А.Ю. Прогрессирование очагов ушиба головного мозга: варианты и факторы риска. Российский нейрохирургический журнал им. А.Л. Поленова. 2014;6(3):37–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylov VV, Talypov AE, Kordonskiy AYu. Progressirovanie ochagov ushiba golovnogo mozga: varianty i faktory riska. Rossiyskiy neyrokhirurgicheskiy zhurnal im AL Polenova. 2014;6(3):37–45. (in Russ.)27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Климаш А.В., Кондаков Е.Н. Характеристика дислокационного синдрома при супратенториальном сдавлении головного мозга у больных с тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмой (часть 1). Нейрохирургия. 2015;(3):3–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimash AV, Kondakov EN. The characteristics of dislocation syndrome in the case of supratentorial compression of brain at patients with severe head injury (part 1). Russian Journal of Neurosurgery. 2015;(3):3– 10. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bullock R, Chesnut R, Clifton G, Ghajar J, Marion D, Narayan R, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24 Suppl 1:S1–S106. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2007.9976</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bullock R, Chesnut R, Clifton G, Ghajar J, Marion D, Narayan R, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24 Suppl 1:S1–S106. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2007.9976</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van den Brink WA, Zwienenberg M, Zandee SM, van der Meer L, Maas AI, Avezaat CJ. The Prognostic Importance of the Volume of Traumatic Epidural and Subdural Haematomas Revisited. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1999;141(5):509–514. PMID: 10392207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007010050332</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van den Brink WA, Zwienenberg M, Zandee SM, van der Meer L, Maas AI, Avezaat CJ. The Prognostic Importance of the Volume of Traumatic Epidural and Subdural Haematomas Revisited. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1999;141(5):509–514. PMID: 10392207 https://doi.org/10.1007/s007010050332</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.В., Петриков С.С., Талыпов А.Э., Пурас Ю.В., Солодов А.А., Левченко О.В. и др. Современные принципы хирургии тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы. Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь». 2013;(4):39–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylov VV, Petrikov SS., Talypov AE, Puras YV, Solodov AA, Levchenko OV, et al. Modern Principles of Surgery Severe Craniocerebral Trauma. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal “Emergency Medical Care”. 2013;(4):39–47. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
