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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2019-8-3-288-294</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-689</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Двойное слепое плацебо-контролируемое исследование миотоксичности и нейротоксичности бупивакаина в эксперименте у крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Myotoxicity and Neurotoxicity of Bupivacaine in Rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6819-9691</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лахин</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lakhin</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лахин Роман Евгеньевич - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman Y. Lakhin - Dr. Med. Sci., Docent, Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care</p><p>4 Klinicheskaya St., St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor-lahin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гемуа</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gemua</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гемуа Инал Ардонбеевич - адъюнкт кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inal A. Gemua - Postgraduate of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care</p><p>4 Klinicheskaya St., St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5144-3360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шустров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shustrov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шустров Вячеслав Владимирович - адъюнкт кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav V. Shustrov - Postgraduate of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care</p><p>4 Klinicheskaya St., St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» МО РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>288</fpage><lpage>294</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лахин Р.Е., Гемуа И.А., Шустров В.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лахин Р.Е., Гемуа И.А., Шустров В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lakhin R.E., Gemua I.A., Shustrov V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/689">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/689</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность Местные анестетики, проникая внутрь клетки, кроме блокады натриевых каналов воздействуют на другие структуры и процессы, приводя к развитию повреждения клетки.</p><p>Цель исследования Изучить повреждающее действие бупивакаина на седалищный нерв и двуглавую мышцу бедра крыс.</p><p>Материал и методы Двойное слепое плацебо-контролируемое исследование. Плацебо — введение 0,9% раствора хлорида натрия. Исследуемые концентрации бупивакаина — 0,2%, 0,5%, 0,75% и 1%. Под ультразвуковым контролем вводили по 0,2 мл в седалищный нерв параневрально и 0,2 мл внутрь двуглавой мышцы. Забор препаратов: 1-й этап — через 1 час после введения, 2-й этап — через 14 суток.</p><p>Результаты При инъекции 0,9% раствора хлорида натрия некроза клеток или апоптоза в мышце и нерве обнаружено не было, выявлены единичные клетки воспалительного типа. Введение всех концентраций бупивакаина вызывало повреждение и воспалительную инфильтрацию мышечной ткани и нервных структур по сравнению с действием 0,9% раствора хлорида натрия. В седалищном нерве выявлены дистрофические изменения нервных волокон, нейтрофильная инфильтрация. В двуглавой мышце бедра определены перимускулярный отек, апоптоз, некроз и полихромазия с исчезновением поперечной исчерченности мускулатуры, формирование сократительных контрактур, появление скоплений воспалительных клеток. Среди воспалительных клеток преобладали нейтрофилы и макрофаги, умеренное количество лимфоцитов. Через 14 суток признаки повреждения и воспалительной инфильтрации уменьшились, но продолжали сохраняться. Исследование показало наличие нейротоксичности и миотоксичности всех четырех концентраций бупивакаина по сравнению с действием 0,9% раствором хлорида натрия. Выявлено сохранение признаков повреждения и воспалительной инфильтрации через 14 суток после введения бупивакаина.</p><p>Выводы Показатели повреждения и воспалительной инфильтрации в двуглавой мышце и седалищном нерве через 1 час после введения 0,2, 0,5, 0,75 и 1% растворов бупивакаина больше в сравнении с действием 0,9% раствора хлорида натрия. На 14-е сутки после введения бупивакаина полного восстановления мышечной ткани и периферического нерва не происходило.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>When penetrating into the cell, local anesthetics affect some structures and processes, in addition to blocking sodium channels, leading to the development of cell damage. The aim of the article was to study the damaging effect of bupivacaine on the sciatic nerve and biceps femoris in rats. The study is double-blind and placebo-controlled. We used 0.9% sodium chloride as the placebo. The studied concentrations of bupivacaine were 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. We performed perineural introduction of 0.2 ml into the sciatic nerve and administered 0.2 ml into the biceps femoris muscle under the ultrasound guidance. The samples were taken twice: 1 hour after administration, and over 14 days. Cell necrosis or apoptosis were not found in the muscle and nerve after the 0.9% sodium chloride administration; occasional inflammatory cells were detected. Introduction of all concentrations of bupivacaine induced damage and inflammatory infiltration of muscle tissue and neural structures compared with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Dystrophic changes and neutrophilic infiltration were detected in nerve fibers. Perimuscular edema, apoptosis, polychromasia, necrosis, disappearance of cross-striation of muscles, clusters of inflammatory cells were found in the biceps femoris. Signs of damage and inflammatory infiltration decreased, but continued to persist over 14 days. The study showed the presence of neurotoxicity and myotoxicity of all concentrations of bupivacaine compared to a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. It was revealed that signs of damage and inflammatory infiltration persisted 14 days after the administration of bupivacaine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крысы-альбиносы</kwd><kwd>бупивакаин</kwd><kwd>местный анестетик</kwd><kwd>миотоксичность</kwd><kwd>нейротоксичность</kwd><kwd>скелетные мышцы</kwd><kwd>седалищный нерв</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>albino rats</kwd><kwd>bupivacaine</kwd><kwd>local anesthetic</kwd><kwd>myotoxicity</kwd><kwd>neurotoxicity</kwd><kwd>skeletal muscle</kwd><kwd>sciatic nerve</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Putrenko I, Ghavanini AA, Meyer Schöniger KS, Schwarz SK. Central Nervous System-Toxic Lidocaine Concentrations Unmask L-Type Ca2+ Current-Mediated Action Potentials in Rat Thalamocortical Neurons: An In Vitro Mechanism of Action Study. Anesth Analg. 2016;122(5):1360–1369. 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