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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2019-8-2-138-144</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-631</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Давление в луковице яремной вены при операциях у пациентов в положении сидя</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Jugular Bulb Pressure in Surgery of Patients in Sitting Position</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4353-4953</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверьянов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averyanov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аверьянов Дмитрий Александрович - кандидат медицинских наук, преподаватель кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Averyanov - Cand. Med. Sci., Lecturer at the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation.</p><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint-Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimonmed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-013X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лакотко</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lakotko</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лакотко Роман Сергеевич - адъюнкт кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman S. Lakotko - Postgraduate of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation.</p><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint-Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-439X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchyogotev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щеголев Алексей Валерианович - профессор, начальник кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey V. Shchyogolev - Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation.</p><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint-Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-9887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеголев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свистов Дмитрий Владимирович - доцент, начальник кафедры нейрохирургии.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Svistov - Associate Professor of the Department of Neurosurgery.</p><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint-Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-2937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабичев</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babichev</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Николаевич Бабичев - врач-нейрохирург кафедры нейрохирургии.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin N. Babichev - Neurosurgeon of the Department of Neurosurgery.</p><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint-Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8594-1533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилов</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilov</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаспар Владимирович Гаврило - докторант кафедры нейрохирургии.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gaspar V. Gavrilov - Doctoral Student, the Department of Neurosurgery.</p><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint-Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» МО РФ Российская Федерация<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аверьянов Д.А., Лакотко Р.С., Свистов Д.В., Щеголев А.В., Бабичев К.Н., Гаврилов Г.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аверьянов Д.А., Лакотко Р.С., Свистов Д.В., Щеголев А.В., Бабичев К.Н., Гаврилов Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Averyanov D.A., Lakotko R.S., Shchyogotev A.V., Svistov D.V., Babichev K.N., Gavrilov G.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/631">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/631</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. С целью контроля эффективности различных методик профилактики и лечения венозной воздушной эмболии (ВВЭ) при операциях у пациентов в положении сидя используют измерение давления в синусах головного мозга (внутрисинусное давление - ВСД). Более простым и доступным способом является измерение давления в верхней луковице яремной вены (ДЛЯВ), которое достаточно точно отражает ВСД. Зависимость частоты и выраженности ВВЭ от ДЛЯВ, тем не менее, не исследована, а данные о влиянии на него различных методик профилактики и лечения ВВЭ носят либо недостаточный, либо противоречивый характер. Цель исследования состояла в определении динамики ДЛЯВ при приведении пациента в положение сидя, его связи с тяжестью ВВЭ и оценке влияния на него давления в правом предсердии (ДПП), положительного давления в конце выдоха (ПДКВ) и уменьшения минутной вентиляции легких (МВЛ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы.  В проспективное исследование были включены 66 человек, которым выполняли интракраниальное вмешательство в положении сидя. В дополнение к стандартному мониторингу им в условиях общей анестезии с искусственной вентиляцией легких катетеризировали верхнюю луковицу яремной вены, правое предсердие, интубировали пищевод датчиком для чреспищеводной эхокардиографии. Измеряли ДЛЯВ в положении лежа и сидя, изучали его связь с ДПП. У пациентов с ДЛЯВ, не более 0 мм рт.ст., оценивали его динамику при ПДКВ=0 см вод.ст. и МВЛ с парциальным давлением конечно-выдыхаемого углекислого газа (etCO2)=44 мм рт.ст., ПДКВ=15 см вод.ст. и МВЛ с etCO2=36 мм рт.ст. Для определения тяжести ВВЭ использовали шкалу Тюбинген (Tubingen VAE).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. После приведения пациента в положение сидя ДЛЯВ статистически значимо (W=2137,5; p&lt;0,001) снижалось в среднем на 8 мм рт.ст., при этом у 11 (16,7%; 95%ДИ 8,6-27,8) больных оно осталось положительным. Корреляционной связи между ДПП и ДЛЯВ как в положении лежа (Z=-0,08225; p=0,9344), так и в положении сидя (Z=1,2272, p=0,2198) выявлено не было. Частота ВВЭ составила 51% (95%ДИ 38,8-64). У пациентов с ДЛЯВ, равным 0 мм рт.ст. или отрицательным, частота и тяжесть ВВЭ была статистически значимо больше, чем при ДЛЯВ, равного или большего 1 мм рт.ст. (хи-квадрат=4,37; df=1; p=0,036 и Z=2,47, р=0,015 соответственно). Статистически значимых изменений ДЛЯВ при ПДКВ 15 см вод.ст. и МВЛ с etCO2=36 мм рт.ст. не выявлено (Z=-0,9784, p=0,3964 и Z=-1,3324, p=0,2305 соответственно).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. 1. Формирующееся при переводе пациента в положение сидя отрицательное давление в верхней луковице яремной вены сопровождается увеличением частоты и тяжести венозной воздушной эмболии.</p></sec><sec><title>2</title><p>2.            У пациентов в положении сидя связь между давлением в правом предсердии и верхней луковице яремной вены не обнаружена.</p></sec><sec><title>3</title><p>3.            Изолированное применение положительного давления в конце выдоха и изменения вентиляции не приводят к повышению давления в верхней луковице яремной вены.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The pressure in brain sinuses (BSP) is used to monitor the effectiveness of various methods of prevention and treatment of venous air embolism (VAE) during surgeries in patients in the sitting position. A simpler and more approachable way is to measure the pressure in the superior bulb of the jugular vein (JBP), which accurately reflects the BSP. The dependence of the frequency and severity of VAE in JBP, however, has not been investigated, and the data on the effect of various methods of prevention and treatment of VAE on JBP are either insufficient or contradictory. The study was aimed to determine the dynamics of the JBP when bringing the patient to a sitting position, its relation with the severity of the VAE and to assess the effect of right atrium pressure (RAP), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and decreased minute pulmonary ventilation (MPV) on it.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The prospective study included 66 people who underwent intracranial surgery in a sitting position. In addition to the standard monitoring under general anesthesia with artificial lung ventilation, the superior bulb of the jugular vein and the right atrium were catheterized, and the esophagus was intubated with transesophageal echocardiography sensor. JBP was measured in a supine and sitting position and examined in relationship to RAP. In patients with JBP&lt;0 mm Hg, its dynamics was evaluated at PEEP&lt;0 cm H20 and MPV with end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO2)=44 mm Hg, PEEP=15 cm H20 and MPV with etCO2=36 mm Hg. The Tuebingen scale (Tuebingen VAE) was used to determine the severity of VAE.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After bringing the patient to the sitting position the JBP significantly (W=2137.5; p&lt;0.001) decreased by an average of 8 mm Hg, while in 11 (16.7%; 95% CI: 8.6-27, 8) cases it remained positive. No correlation was found between the RAP and JBP in the supine position (Z =-0.08225; p=0.9344) and in the sitting position (Z=1.2272, p=0.2198). The VAE frequency was 51% (95% CI 38.8-64). In patients with JBP &lt;0 mm Hg, the frequency and severity of VAE was significantly higher than with JBP≥1 mm Hg (chi-square=4.37; df=1; p=0.036 and Z=2.47, p=0.015, respectively). Significant changes of JBP when PEEP 15 cm H2O and MPV with etCO2=36 mm Hg were not found (Z = -0.9784, p=0.3964 and Z=-1.3324, p=0.2305 respectively).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>положение сидя</kwd><kwd>положение с приподнятой головой</kwd><kwd>венозная воздушная эмболия</kwd><kwd>давление в луковице яремной вены</kwd><kwd>чреспищеводная эхокардиография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sitting position</kwd><kwd>head-up position</kwd><kwd>venous air embolism</kwd><kwd>jugular bulb pressure</kwd><kwd>transesophageal echocardiography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baro V., Lavezzo R., Marton E., et al. Prone versus sitting position in pediatric low-grade posterior fossa tumors. Childs Nerv. Syst. 2019; 35(3): 421-428. PMID: 30610475. 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