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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2018-74-349-356</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-536</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультразвуковое исследование структур канала зрительного нерва в диагностике внутричерепной гипертензии у больных с внутричерепными кровоизлияниями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The ultrasound study of the optic canal for detecting raised intracranial pressure (a literature review and critical analysis)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-1274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрейцева</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreytseva</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрейцева Марина Игоревна - младший научный сотрудник отделения неотложной неврологии.</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andreytseva Marina Igorevna - Junior Researcher of the Department of Emergency Neurology.</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreitseva.m@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петриков</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrikov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петриков Сергей Сергеевич - профессор РАН, доктор медицинских наук, директор ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ», руководитель регионального сосудистого центра ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ», профессор кафедры нейрохирургии и нейрореанимации МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова.</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3; 127473 Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petrikov Sergey Sergeyevich - Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Med. Sci., Director of the N.V. Sklifosovsky RIEM, Head of the Regional Vascular Center of the N.V. Sklifosovsky RIEM, Professor of the Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroresuscitation of the A.I. Yevdokimov MSUMD.</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090; 20 Delegatskaya St., b. 1, Moscow 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-4077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамидова</surname><given-names>Л. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamidova</surname><given-names>L. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хамидова Лайла Тимарбековна - кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отделения ультразвуковой и функциональной диагностики.</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khamidova LaiLa Timarbekovna - Cand. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics.</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солодов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solodov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солодов Александр Анатольевич - кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель директора КМЦ МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова по научной работе, доцент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и неотложной медицины ФДПО МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова.</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3; 127473 Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1; 111398 Москва, ул. Кусковская, вл. 1А, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Solodov Aleksandr Anatolyevich - Cand. Med. Sci., Deputy Director for Science of the Clinical Medical Center of the A.I. Yevdokimov MSUMD, Associate Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Urgent Care of the A.I. Yevdokimov MSUMD.</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow 129090; 20 Delegatskaya St., b. 1, Moscow 127473; pos. 1A Kuskovskaya St., b. 4, Moscow 111398</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы; ФГБОУ ВПО «МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department; A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы; ФГБОУ ВПО «МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; ФГБОУ ВПО «МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department; A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>349</fpage><lpage>356</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андрейцева М.И., Петриков С.С., Хамидова Л.Т., Солодов А.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андрейцева М.И., Петриков С.С., Хамидова Л.Т., Солодов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andreytseva M.I., Petrikov S.S., Khamidova L.T., Solodov A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/536">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/536</self-uri><abstract><p>Внутричерепная гипертензия (ВЧГ) — частое и грозное осложнение, возникающее у пациентов с тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмой (ЧМТ) и нетравматическим повреждением головного мозга. Персистирующая ВЧГ значительно ухудшает прогноз течения заболевания и в несколько раз увеличивает риск развития неблагоприятного исхода. В связи с этим одной из основных задач интенсивной терапии больных с внутричерепными кровоизлияниями (ВЧК) является диагностика и своевременная коррекция ВЧГ. Золотым стандартом остается инвазивный мониторинг внутричерепного давления (ВЧД). К достоинствам прямого измерения ВЧД относят точность и непрерывность регистрации. Недостатками являются инвазивность метода, дороговизна, риск развития инфекционных и геморрагических осложнений, возможность дислокации датчиков. Необходим поиск метода неинвазивной оценки уровня ВЧГ, в наибольшей степени коррелирующего с данными прямого измерения ВЧД. Таким альтернативным дешевым способом оценки ВЧД может быть ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) cтруктур зрительного нерва (ЗН). Его преимуществами является возможность многократного динамического применения, отсутствие необходимости в проведении оперативного вмешательства, простота и высокая точность измерения. Однако результаты, полученные при УЗИ, могут быть вариабельными, так как данный метод является операторзависимым и требует точного соблюдения техники выполнения исследования. При проведении УЗИ ЗН на переднелатеральную поверхность закрытого верхнего века наносят контактный гель для УЗ-исследований, выводят плоскость сканирования позади глазного яблока для визуализации в центральной части УЗ-изображения ЗН, хрусталика и сетчатки глаза. Для визуализации вертикального хода глазной артерии (и, соответственно, вертикального хода ЗН) используют режим цветового допплеровского картирования. В исследование входит измерение диаметра ЗН и диаметра оболочки ЗН (ДОЗН). Между ЗН и его оболочкой располагается субарахноидальное пространство с цереброспинальной жидкостью. При повышении ВЧД происходит расширение этого пространства, то есть расширение ДОЗН. Представленная статья содержит анализ литературных источников, описывающих анатомию ЗН и различных методик УЗИ, а также данные разных авторов о пороговом значении ДОЗН.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a frequent and serious complication that occurs in pa-tients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and nontraumatic brain damage. Persistent ICH significantly worsens the prognosis of the disease course and increases the risk of adverse outcomes. In this regard, one of the main tasks of intensive care of patients with intracranial bleeding (ICB) is diagnosis and timely management of ICH. The gold standard is invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The advantages of direct measurement of ICP include accuracy and continuity of registration. The disadvantages are the invasiveness of the method, high cost, the risk of developing infectious and hemorrhagic complications and possible dislocation of sensors. It is necessary to search for a method of non-invasive assessment of the level of ICH most correlated with the data of direct measurement of ICP. Ultrasonography of the optic nerve structures can be such an alternative cheap way to assess ICP. Its advantages are the possibility of repeated dynamic use, no need for surgical intervention, simplicity and high accuracy of measurement. However, the results obtained with ultrasound vary, since this method is operator dependent and requires precise adherence to the technique of the study. When the optic nerve ultrasound is performed, a contact gel for ultrasound examinations is applied to the anterolateral surface of the closed upper eyelid, and a scanning plane is displayed behind the eyeball for visualization in the central part of the ultrasound image of the optic nerve, lens and retina. To visualize the vertical course of the ophthalmic artery (and the vertical course of the optic nerve), the color flow Doppler mode is used. The study includes measuring the diameter of the optic nerve and the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). There is subarachnoid space with cerebrospinal fluid between the optic nerve and its sheath. With an increase in intracranial pressure, the expansion of this space occurs, ONSD grows as well. This article contains an analysis of the literature describing the anatomy of the optic nerve and various ultrasound techniques, as well as data from various authors on the threshold value of the optic nerve sheath diameter.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внутричерепная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>внутричерепное давление</kwd><kwd>оболочка зрительного нерва</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>субарахноидальное кровоизлияние</kwd><kwd>внутричерепное кровоизлияние</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intracranial hypertension</kwd><kwd>intracranial pressure</kwd><kwd>optic nerve sheath</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>subarachnoid bleeding</kwd><kwd>intracranial bleeding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.В., Петриков С.С., Солодов А.А. и др. 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