nmpЖурнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"2223-90222541-8017“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”10.23934/2223-9022-2018-7-3-244-252nmp-506Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSЭтиология и патогенез ожоговой анемии. Роль гемотрансфузии в лечении обожженныхEtiology and Pathogenesis of Burn Anemia. The Role of the Blood Transfusion in the Treatment of Patients with Burnshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-8512СпиридоноваТ. Г.SpiridonovaT. G.

Спиридонова Тамара Георгиевна научный консультант отделения острых термических поражений.

Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3, Москва 129090

Spiridonova Tamara Geogiyevna - Scientific Consultant of the Department of Acute Thermal Trauma.

Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090

SpiridonovaTG@sklif.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-0229ЖирковаЕ. А.ZhirkovaE. A.

Жиркова Елена Александровна - научный сотрудник отделения острых термических поражений.

Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3, Москва 129090

Zhirkova Elena Aleksandrovna - Researcher of the Department of Acute Thermal Trauma.

Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090

ГБУЗ НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. МосквыРоссияN.V. Sklifosovsky research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow healthcare DepartmentRussian Federation20180711201873244252Copyright © Спиридонова Т.Г., Жиркова Е.А., 20182018Спиридонова Т.Г., Жиркова Е.А.Spiridonova T.G., Zhirkova E.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/506

Представленные данные отечественной и зарубежной литературы раскрывают этиологию и патогенез ожоговой анемии, обусловленной развитием у обожженных системного воспалительного ответа (СВО) и кровопотерей. Проявления СВО характеризуются уменьшением зон эритропоэза, неадекватной реакцией на эндогенный и экзогенный эритропоэтин, снижением содержания сывороточного железа, гибелью эритроцитов в результате эндогенной интоксикации, развития ДВС-синдрома, термического и неиммунного гемолиза эритроцитов, тяжелых метаболических нарушений. Развивающаяся  ожоговая анемия прогрессирует в результате кровопотери при многократных перевязках и операциях, а также кровотечении при эрозивно-язвенном поражении желудочно-кишечного тракта. Отечественный и зарубежный опыт применения гемотрансфузий ожоговым пациентам в прошлом веке указывает на их необходимость при развитии анемии средней степени тяжести (содержание гемоглобина ниже 90 г/л), что позволяет повысить эффективность лечения, сокращает сроки пребывания больных в стационаре и уменьшает экономические затраты.

The presented data of domestic and foreign literature reveal the etiology and pathogenesis of burn anemia caused by the development of systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and blood loss. Manifestations of SIR are characterized by a decrease in the areas of erythropoiesis, inadequate reaction to endogenous and exogenous erythropoietin, a decrease in serum iron, the death of erythrocytes as a result of endogenous intoxication, the development of DIC syndrome, thermal and non-immune hemolysis of erythrocytes, and severe metabolic disturbances. Developing burn anemia progresses as a result of hemorrhage with multiple dressings and operations, as well as bleeding in patients with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Domestic and foreign experience with blood transfusions in the past century indicates the need for blood transfusions during the development of moderate severity of anemia (hemoglobin less than 90 g/l), burn patients, which will increase the effectiveness of treatment, reduce the time of hospital stay and expenses.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.