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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2018-7-3-209-216</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-501</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тромболитическая и антикоагулянтная терапия при тромбоэмболии легочной артерии с высоким и промежуточным риском ранней смерти. Часть 3. Влияние на легочную перфузию при высоком и промежуточном риске ранней смерти</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thrombolytic and Anticoagulant Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism with High and Intermendiate Risk of Early Death. Part 3. An Effect on Pulmonary Perfusion with High and Intermediate Risk of Early Death</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3516-5492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитина Ольга Владимировна - кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии.</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikitina Olga Vladimirovna - Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher of the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care for Surgical Patients.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.v.nikitina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0265-8685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлов Игорь Петрович - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий научным отделением неотложной сосудистой хирургии.</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhaylov Igor Petrovich - Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Scientific Department of Emergency Vascular Surgery.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-1635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashova</surname><given-names>N. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудряшова Наталья Евгеньевна - доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отделения радиоизотопной диагностики.</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kudryashova Natalya Yevgeniyevna - Dr. Med. Sci., Chief Researcher of the Department of Radionuclide Studies.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-487X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мигунова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Migunova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мигунова Екатерина Валентиновна - кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения радиоизотопной.</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Migunova Ekaterina Valentinovna - Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher of the Department of Radionuclide Studies.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорфман</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorfman</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дорфман Александр Григорьевич - доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных.</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dorfman Aleksandr Grigoryevich - Dr. Med. Sci., Chief Researcher of the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care for Surgical Patients.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6736-9265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авфуков</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avfukov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авфуков Владимир Иванович - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных.</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Avfukov Vladimir Ivanovich - Cand. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care for Surgical Patients.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow healthcare Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>209</fpage><lpage>216</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитина О.В., Михайлов И.П., Кудряшова Н.Е., Мигунова Е.В., Дорфман А.Г., Авфуков В.И., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитина О.В., Михайлов И.П., Кудряшова Н.Е., Мигунова Е.В., Дорфман А.Г., Авфуков В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitina O.V., Mikhailov I.P., Kudryashova N.Y., Migunova E.V., Dorfman A.G., Avfukov V.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/501">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/501</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение Преимущество тромболитической терапии (ТЛТ) перед антикоагулянтной (АКТ) у пациентов высокой степени риска ранней смерти (гемодинамические расстройства) при острой легочной эмболии считается доказанным. При промежуточном риске преимущество ТЛТ перед АКТ остается неопределенным. Перфузионная сцинтиграфия легких позволяет провести количественное сравнение изменений легочного кровотока при использовании разных методов лечения в подгруппах высокого и промежуточного риска неблагоприятного исхода.</p><p>Цель исследования Провести сравнение эффективности ТЛТ и АКТ при лечении острой легочной эмболии у пациентов высокого и промежуточного риска ранней смерти по динамике нарушения легочной перфузии. ДИЗАЙН ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Проспективное нерандомизированное исследование. Вмешательством являлось введение тромболитика. Группа сравнения — пациенты, которым вводили антикоагулянт. Тромболизис пациентам с промежуточным риском назначали при отсутствии потенциальной угрозы  геморрагических осложнений, дефиците легочной перфузии свыше 40%, высоком уровне легочной гипертензии и высокой вероятности сердечной декомпенсации. Метод сравнения — количественный результат дефицита легочной перфузии.</p><p>Описание метода Радионуклидные и КТ-исследования проводили на гибридной системе ОФЭКТ/КТ «Discovery NM/ CT 670» (GE, США): перфузию оценивали с 80–120 МБк радиофармпрепарата (РФП) «99mTc-макротех» (эффективная эквивалентная доза облучения — 0,8–1,3 мЗв), КТ-ангиографию выполняли с 70–100 мл рентгеноконтрастного вещества «Визипак» (эффективная эквивалентная доза облучения — 9,4–10,3 мЗв). Дефект накопления площадью, равной сегменту, принимают за дефицит перфузии в 5% (субсегментарный — 2,5%), площадью, равной нижней доле — 25%, площадью, равной правому легкому — 55%, левому — 45%</p><p>Характеристика выборки В выборке из 503 человек, проходивших лечение в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского в период с 2011 по 2016 г., общая летальность составила 14,7% (95% ДИ 11,7; 18,1) (74/503); в том числе при проведении АКТ — 17,8% (95% ДИ 13,5; 22,8) (50/281); при проведении ТЛТ — 10,8% (95% ДИ 7,1; 15,6) (24/222); р=0,031, критерий Фишера, Р=0,60. При высокой степени риска ранней смерти летальность в группе с ТЛТ составила 30,2% (19/63) против 47,1% (32/68) — в группе АКТ; р=0,051, критерий Фишера; Р=0,51. При промежуточном риске ранней смерти она была 3,2% (5/158) и 8,4% (8/214); р=0,049, критерий Фишера, Р=0,54.</p><p>Изменения дефицита легочной перфузии в результате лечения  проводили у 169 человек, которым своевременно было выполнено первичное и повторное динамическое сцинтиграфическое исследование: у 127 пациентов после тромболизиса (из них 38 — высокого риска и 88 — промежуточного) и у 42, которых лечили антикоагулянтом (5 — высокого риска, 37 — промежуточного). Группы не различались по возрастному и половому составу: средний возраст 59±16; Ме 61 (49; 71) и 57±14 лет; Ме 58 (43; 67) соответственно; р=0,50 критерий Манна–Уитни; мужчины/женщины: 50/77 и 12/30; р=0,27, критерий Фишера. Группы различались по наличию онкологического заболевания: в группе АКТ доля пациентов с онкозаболеванием составила 21,4% (9/42), а в группе ТЛТ — 4,7% (6/127), р=0,003, тест Фишера, Р=0,85.</p><p>Результаты Пациенты высокого и промежуточного риска ранней смерти, получившие тромболитик, по исходным характеристикам были существенно тяжелее. Оба метода лечения были результативными. У пациентов высокого риска ранней смерти дефицит перфузии регрессировал: при ТЛТ с 57±10% (Ме 60 (50; 65)) до 31±15% (Ме 30 (20; 40)), р&lt;0,00001, тест Вилкоксона, Es=2,08, Р=1,00; при АКТ с 38±9% (Ме 40 (35; 40)) до 14±8% (Ме 10 (10; 20)), р=0,043, тест Вилкоксона, Es=2,72, Р=0,93. У пациентов промежуточного риска дефицит перфузии регрессировал: при ТЛТ с 48±9% (Ме 50 (40; 55)) до 24±13% (Ме 20 (15; 30)), р&lt;0,00001, тест Вилкоксона; при АКТ с 38±11% (Ме 40 (30; 45)) до 24±15% (Ме 15 (15; 30)), р=0,00003, тест Вилкоксона. Сила эффекта при ТЛТ Es=2,16, при АКТ Es=1,13. Мощность исследования Р=1,00 и Р=0,99.</p><p>Заключение Тромболитическая терапия проявила более высокую эффективность в восстановлении легочной перфузии по сравнению с антикоагулянтной при промежуточном риске ранней смерти: сила полученного эффекта от тромболизиса была бóльшей по сравнению с эффектом антикоагулянтной терапии (Es=2,16 и Es=1,13). Отсутствие эффекта восстановления легочной перфузии при проведении тромболизиса отмечалось реже по сравнению с результатами антикоагулянтной терапии: в 5,5% (95% ДИ 2,2–11,0) против 19,0% (95% ДИ 8,6–34,1).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background The advantage of thrombolytic therapy (TLT) over anticoagulant therapy(ACT) in patients with a high risk of early death (hemodynamic disorders) in acute pulmonary embolism is considered proven. But the advantage of thrombolytic therapy over anticoagulant therapy remains uncertain in patients with an intermediate risk. Perfusion lung scintigraphy helps provide a quantitative comparison of changes in pulmonary blood flow with the use of different treatment methods in subgroups of high and intermediate risk of an adverse outcome.</p><p>The aim of study is to compare the effectiveness of thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism in patients with a high and intermediate risk of early death in terms of the dynamics of pulmonary perfusion disorders.</p><p>Study design: a prospective non-randomized study. The introduction of a thrombolytic was cosidered as intervention. The comparison group consisted of patients who received an anticoagulant. Thrombolysis in patients with intermediate risk was indicated in the absence of a potential threat of hemorrhagic complications, a deficit of pulmonary perfusion above 40%, a high level of pulmonary hypertension and a high probability of cardiac decompensation. The method of comparison was the quantitative result of pulmonary perfusion deficiency.</p><p>Description of the method Radionuclide and CT studies were carried out using a hybrid system SPECT/CT Discovery NM/CT 670 (GE, USA): the perfusion was evaluated with 80–120 MBq of 99mTc macrotech radiopharmaceutical (RP) (effective equivalent dose of 0.8–1.3 mSv), CT angiography was performed with 70–100 ml of radiopaque substance Visipaque (effective equivalent dose of irradiation 9.4–10.3 mSv). The accumulation deficit of an area equal to a segment was counted as a perfusion deficiency of 5% (subsegmental 2.5%), inferior lobe — 25%, an area equal to the right lung — 55%, the left lung — 45%.</p><p>Characteristics of the sample In a sample of 503 patients who received treatment at the Intensive Care Unit for Surgical Patients of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute for Emergency Medicine from 2011 to 2016, the overall mortality rate was 14.7% (95% CI 11.7; 18.1) (74/503); anticoagulation therapy — 17.8% (95% CI 13.5; 22.8) (50/281); thrombolytic therapy — 10.8% (95% CI 7.1; 15.6) (24/222); p=0.031, Fisher’s test, P=0.60. At a high risk of death, the mortality rate in the thrombolytic therapy group was 30.2% (19/63) versus 47.1% (32/68) in the anticoagulant therapy group; p=0.051, the Fisher’s test; P=0.51. At an intermediate risk, it was 3.2% (5/158) and 8.4% (8/214); p=0.049, the Fisher’s test, P=0.54. Changes in pulmonary perfusion deficiency as a result of treatment were performed in 169 patients who promptly underwent a primary and repeated dynamic scintigraphic study: 127 patients after thrombolysis (of which 38 patients had a high risk and 88 had an intermediate risk) and 42 patients who were treated with an anticoagulant (5 — high risk, 37 — intermediate risk). The groups did not differ in age and gender composition: the mean age was 59±16; Me 61 (49; 71) and 57±14 years; Me 58 (43; 67), respectively; p=0.50 (Mann–Whitney test); men/women: 50/77 and 12/30; p=0.27, the Fisher’s test. The groups differed in the presence of cancer: in the ACT group, the proportion of patients with cancer was 21.4% (9/42), and in the TLT group it was 4.7% (6/127), p=0.003, the Fisher’s test, P=0.85.</p><p>Results Patients of high and intermediate risk, who received thrombolysis, were in a significantly more serious condition in terms of baseline characteristics. Both methods of treatment were effective. In high-risk patients, perfusion deficiency regressed: from 57±10% (Me 60 (50; 65)) to 31±15% (Me 30 (20; 40)), p&lt;0.00001 (Wilcoxon test), Es=2.08, P=1.00 after TLT; from 38±9% (Me 40 (35; 40)) to 14±8% (Me 10 (10; 20)), p=0.043 (Wilcoxon test), Es=2.72, P=0.93 after ACT. In patients with intermediate risk, perfusion deficiency regressed: from 48±9% (Me 50 (40, 55)) to 24±13% (Me 20 (15; 30)), p&lt;0.00001 (Wilcoxon test) after TLT; from 38±11% (Me 40 (30; 45)) to 24±15% (Me 15 (15; 30)), p=0.00003 (Wilcoxon test) after ACT. The effect size for TLT was Es=2.16, for ACT Es=1.13. The power of the study was P=1.00 and P=0.99.</p><p>Conclusion Thrombolytic therapy was more effective in restoring pulmonary perfusion compared to anticoagulants in patients with an intermediate risk of early death: the effect of thrombolysis was greater than that of anticoagulant therapy (Es=2.16 and Es=1.13). The absence of the effect of restoring pulmonary perfusion during thrombolysis was noted less frequently compared to the results of anticoagulant therapy: in 5.5% (95% CI 2.2–11.0) vs. 19.0% (95% CI 8.6–34.1).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромбоэмболия легочной артерии</kwd><kwd>тромболитическя терапия</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянтная терапия</kwd><kwd>перфузионная сцинтиграфия</kwd><kwd>дефицит легочной перфузии</kwd><kwd>легочная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>промежуточный риск ранней смерти</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulmonary embolism</kwd><kwd>thrombolytic therapy</kwd><kwd>anticoagulant therapy</kwd><kwd>perfusion scintigraphy</kwd><kwd>pulmonary perfusion deficiency</kwd><kwd>pulmonary hypertension</kwd><kwd>intermediate risk of early death</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савельев В.С., Чазов Е.И., Гусев Е.И., Кириенко А.И. 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