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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2018-7-2-134-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-464</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТРОМБОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ И АНТИКОАГУЛЯНТНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ ПРИ ТРОМБОЭМБОЛИИ ЛЕГОЧНОЙ АРТЕРИИ: ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ЛЕГОЧНУЮ ПЕРФУЗИЮ (ЧАСТЬ 2)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THROMBOLYTIC AND ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY FOR PULMONARY EMBOLISM: AN EFFECT ON PULMONARY PERFUSION (PART 2)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3516-5492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных,</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher, Department of resuscitation and intensive care for surgical patients,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.v.nikitina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0265-8685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных,</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of resuscitation and intensive care for surgical patients,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-1635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashova</surname><given-names>N. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных,</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of resuscitation and intensive care for surgical patients,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-487X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мигунова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Migunova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных,</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of resuscitation and intensive care for surgical patients,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-8032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеечкина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseyechkina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных,</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of resuscitation and intensive care for surgical patients,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5526-0462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кунгурцев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kungurtsev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных,</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of resuscitation and intensive care for surgical patients,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2787-8131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Удалова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Udalova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных,</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of resuscitation and intensive care for surgical patients,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-8929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусаинов</surname><given-names>Ш. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusainov</surname><given-names>S. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных,</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of resuscitation and intensive care for surgical patients,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-8071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюченко</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyuchenko</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных,</p><p>129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of resuscitation and intensive care for surgical patients,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитина О.В., Михайлов И.П., Кудряшова Н.Е., Мигунова Е.В., Алексеечкина О.А., Кунгурцев Е.В., Удалова Н.М., Хусаинов Ш.Ж., Костюченко И.Б., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитина О.В., Михайлов И.П., Кудряшова Н.Е., Мигунова Е.В., Алексеечкина О.А., Кунгурцев Е.В., Удалова Н.М., Хусаинов Ш.Ж., Костюченко И.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitina O.V., Mikhailov I.P., Kudryashova N.Y., Migunova E.V., Alekseyechkina O.A., Kungurtsev E.V., Udalova N.M., Khusainov S.Z., Kostyuchenko I.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/464">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/464</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Перфузионная сцинтиграфия выявляет дефекты перфузии при окклюзии легочных сосудов любого калибра и дает возможность проводить количественную оценку нарушений легочного кровотока, что позволяет использовать метод для сравнения эффективности тромболитической (ТЛТ) и антикоагулянтной (АКТ) терапии у пациентов с острой легочной эмболией.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Провести сравнение эффективности ТЛТ и АКТ при лечении острой легочной эмболии по динамике нарушения легочной перфузии. Дизайн исследования Проспективное нерандомизированное исследование. Сравнивали количественный результат дефицита легочной перфузии, полученный при проведении перфузионной сцинтиграфии, у пациентов с тромбоэмболией легочной артерии, получавших лечение тромболитиком или антикоагулянтом в двух точках: до начала лечения и в динамике. Динамику оценивали на следующие сутки после введения тромболитика и на 4–5-е сут после начала проведения АКТ. Предварительный анализ указанных параметров в группе с АКТ через сутки от начала введения (по аналогии с ТЛТ) не выявил статистически значимых различий. Описание метода Радионуклидные и КТ-исследования проводили на гибридной системе ОФЭКТ/КТ «Discovery NM/CT 670» (GE, США): перфузию оценивали с 80–120 МБк радиофармпрепарата (РФП) «99mTcмакротех», КТ-ангиографию выполняли с 70–100 мл рентгеноконтрастного вещества «Визипак». Для определения суммарного дефицита перфузии каждый дефект накопления площадью, равной сегменту, принимали за дефицит перфузии в 5% (субсегментарный — 2,5%), равной нижней доле — 25% площадью, равной правому легкому — 55%, левому — 45%. Характеристика выборки Из 503 пациентов с диагнозом «Легочная эмболия» высокого/промежуточного риска ранней смерти, проходивших лечение в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии для хирургических больных НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского в период с 2011 по 2016 г., в 381 наблюдении была проведена перфузионная сцинтиграфия. В 166 случаях из 381 был проведен тромболизис; в 215 — назначен антикоагулянт. Группы не различались по возрасту и половому составу: 60±16 лет; Ме 61 (50; 71) и 62±15 лет; Ме 63 (53; 74); р=0,22, тест Манна–Уитни; мужчины/женщины: 73/93 и 89/126; р=0,68, тест Фишера.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В 96,1% (366/381) нарушения перфузии наблюдали в обоих легких; в 3,9% (15/381) отмечено одностороннее поражение. Сравнение эффективности лечения провели у 169 человек: у 127 — на следующие сутки после введения тромболитика, у 42 — на 4–5-е сут назначения антикоагулянта. В группе с ТЛТ исходный дефицит перфузии был статистически значимо выше по сравнению с группой АКТ: 50±10%; Ме 50 (40; 60) против 39±10; Ме 40 (30; 45); р&lt;0,00001, тест Манна–Уитни. Уровень легочной гипертензии также был более высоким: систолическое давление в легочной артерии 56±17 Ме 54 (45; 68) против 40±24 Ме 40 (22; 56); р&lt;0,00001, тест Манна–Уитни. В результате лечения дефицит перфузии статистически значимо снизился в обеих группах: в группе с ТЛТ с 50±10%, Ме 50 (40; 60) до 26±14%; Ме 25 (15; 35); р&lt;0,00000,1, тест Вилкоксона, а при лечении антикоагулянтом — с 39±10%, Ме 40 (30; 45) до 23±15%; Ме 15(15; 30); р&lt;0,0001, тест Вилкоксона. В группе с ТЛТ эффект регресса перфузионных расстройств был сильнее по сравнению с АКТ и регистрировался уже на следующие сутки после введения тромболитика: стандартизированный эффект Es=2,0 и Es=1,2. При лечении антикоагулянтом статистически значимые различия были выявлены только на 4–5-е сут от начала введения. Мощность исследования для обеих групп составила 1,00. После тромболизиса в ближайшие сутки систолическое давление в легочной артерии статистически значимо снизилось: с 56±17 мм рт.ст., Ме 54 (45; 68) до 36±14 мм рт.ст., Ме 35 (25; 43); р=0,0002, тест Вилкоксона; Es=1,3; Р=1,00. При лечении антикоагулянтом через 4–5 сут от начала лечения статистически значимых изменений давления в легочной артерии не произошло: 40±24 мм рт.ст., Ме 40 (22; 56) и 50±31 мм рт.ст., Ме 48 (30; 58); р=0,72, тест Вилкоксона. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Преимуществом тромболизиса перед антикоагулянтной терапией явилась способность быстро, в минимальные сроки улучшить легочный кровоток, снизить легочную гипертензию и стабилизировать состояние пациентов. Антикоагулянтная терапия не позволяла достигнуть подобного эффекта в короткие сроки: статистически значимое снижение дефицита легочной перфузии происходило только на 4–5-е сут лечения и было менее выраженным; статистически значимого регресса легочной гипертензии в эти сроки не происходило. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Perfusion scintigraphy reveals perfusion defects in the occlusion of pulmonary vessels of any caliber and makes it possible to quantify pulmonary blood flow disorders, which allows the method to be used for the comparison of the thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy efficacy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim of study </title><p>Aim of study .To compare the efficacy of thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism in the dynamics of pulmonary perfusion disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Study Design. A prospective non-randomized study. The quantitative result of pulmonary perfusion deficiency obtained during perfusion scintigraphy was compared in patients with pulmonary embolism treated with thrombolytics or anticoagulants before treatment and in dynamics. The dynamics was evaluated the next day after administration of thrombolytics and on day 4–5 after initiating anticoagulant therapy. Preliminary analysis of these parameters in the group with anticoagulant therapy a day after the start of administration (by analogy with TLT) revealed no statistically significant differences.</p><p>Description of the method. Radionuclide and CT studies were performed on a hybrid system SPECT/CT “Discovery NM/CT 670” (GE, USA): perfusion was evaluated with 80–120 MBq of Macrotech 99mTc radiopharmaceutical (RP), CT angiography was performed with 70-100 ml of radiopaque substance “Visipaque.” To determine the total perfusion deficiency, each defect of accumulation with an area equal to the segment was taken as a perfusion deficiency of 5% (subsegmental — 2.5%), equal to the lower lobe — 25%, an area equal to the right lung — 55%, the left lung — 45%. </p><p>Characteristics of the sample. The perfusion scintigraphy was performed in 381 cases out of 503 patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism of high/intermediate risk of early death, treated in the Intensive Care Unit for Surgical Patients from 2011 to 2016. In 166 cases out of 381, thrombolysis was performed; in 215 cases, an anticoagulant was prescribed. The groups did not differ in age and gender composition: 60±16 years; Me 61 (50; 71) and 62±15 years; Me 63 (53; 74); p=0.22, Mann-Whitney test; men/women: 73/93 and 89/126; p=0.68, the Fisher test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results of the study</title><p>Results of the study. In 96.1% (366/381), perfusion disorders were observed in both lungs; in 3.9% (15/381) there was a unilateral lesion. The comparison of the treatment efficacy was conducted in 169 patients: in 127 cases the next day after introduction of a thrombolytic and in 42 cases on day 4–5 of anticoagulant therapy. In the group with thrombolysis, the initial perfusion deficiency was statistically significantly higher than in the anticoagulant group: 50±10%; Me 50 (40; 60) vs. 39±10; Me 40 (30; 45); p&lt;0.00001, the Mann–Whitney test. The level of pulmonary hypertension was also higher: the systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery was 56±17 Me 54 (45, 68) versus 40±24 Me 40 (22; 56); p&lt;0.00001, the Mann–Whitney test. As a result of treatment, the perfusion deficiency statistically significantly decreased in both groups: in the group with TLT from 50±10%, Me 50 (40; 60) to 26±14%; Me 25 (15; 35); p&lt;0.00000.1, Wilcoxon test; and in the treatment with anticoagulant it decreased from 39±10%, Me 40 (30; 45) to 23±15%; Me 15 (15; 30); p&lt;0.0001, Wilcoxon test. In the TLT group, the perfusion disorders regression was stronger compared to ACT and was registered the next day after administration of a thrombolytic: the standardized effect Es=2.0 and Es=1.2. In the treatment with anticoagulants, statistically significant differences were detected only on day 4–5 from the beginning of its administration. The study power for both groups was 1.00. After thrombolysis the systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery decreased statistically significantly within the next 24 hours: from 56±17 mmHg, Me 54 (45, 68) to 36±14 mmHg, Me 35 (25; 43); p=0.0002, Wilcoxon test; Es=1.3; P=1.00. With anticoagulant treatment, no statistically significant changes in pulmonary arterial pressure occurred 4-5 days after the initiation of treatment: 40±24 mmHg, Me 40 (22; 56) and 50±31 mm Hg, Me 48 (30; 58) ); p=0.72, Wilcoxon test.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The advantage of thrombolysis over anticoagulant therapy was the ability to improve pulmonary blood flow, reduce pulmonary hypertension, and stabilize the patients’ condition quickly. Anticoagulant therapy did not allow this effect to be achieved in a short time: the statistically significant reduction in pulmonary perfusion deficiency occurred only on day 4–5 of treatment and was less significant; the statistically significant regression of pulmonary hypertension did not occur at that time.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромбоэмболия легочной артерии</kwd><kwd>тромболитическя терапия</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянтная терапия</kwd><kwd>перфузионная сцинтиграфия</kwd><kwd>дефицит легочной перфузии</kwd><kwd>легочная гипертенз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulmonary embolism</kwd><kwd>thrombolytic therapy</kwd><kwd>anticoagulant therapy</kwd><kwd>perfusion scintigraphy</kwd><kwd>deficiency of pulmonary perfusion</kwd><kwd>pulmonary hypertension</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dong B., Pineo G., Mulrooney T. 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