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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-277</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS OF LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АПОПТОЗ КЛЕТОК ЭНДОМЕТРИЯ В НОРМЕ И ПРИ ПРОЛИФЕРАТИВНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ МАТКИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ENDOMETRIAL CELLS APOPTOSIS IN HEALTH AND PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES OF THE UTERUS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovkova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующая лабораторией трансплантации клеток и иммунотипирования,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borovkovanv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дамиров</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Damirov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олейникова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleynikova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗ г. Москвы<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боровкова Н.В., Дамиров М.М., Олейникова О.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боровкова Н.В., Дамиров М.М., Олейникова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borovkova N.V., Damirov M.M., Oleynikova O.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/277">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/277</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлен анализ данных литературы о механизмах регуляции апоптоза клеток эндометрия в норме и при пролиферативных заболеваниях матки. Отмечено, что на протяжении менструального цикла гибель клеток путем апоптоза и их регенерация происходят в строго регулируемой последовательности, зависят от фазы цикла и связаны с изменением гормональных параметров. Экспрессия Bcl-2 (ингибитор апоптоза) также изменяется в клетках желез эндометрия циклически, достигая максимума в конце пролиферативной фазы, и затем снижается до минимальных значений в конце секреторной фазы и в фазу менструации. При эндометриозе индекс апоптоза в функциональном слое эндометрия достоверно ниже, чем у здоровых женщин. Снижение уровня апоптоза связывают с нарушением его регуляции. В эндометриоидной ткани уровень экспрессии Bcl-2 увеличивался при прогрессировании заболевания, в то время как экспрессия Bax (активатор апоптоза) соответствовала показателям здоровых женщин. Увеличение экспрес- сии Bcl-2 наблюдали в клетках миоматозных узлов. При этом у больных с миомой матки более значимым является соотношение Bcl-2/Bax. Отмечено, что снижение апоптотической активности клеток эндометрия, а также нарушения регуляции апоптоза является ключевым патогенетическим механизмом развития пролиферативных заболеваний матки. На этом основывается поиск новых эффективных средств диагностики, прогноза и лечения этой распространенной патологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the literature data on the regulation of endometrial cells apoptosis in health and proliferative diseases of the uterus. It is noted that throughout the menstrual cycle the cells apoptosis and regeneration take place in strictly controlled sequence and depend on the phase of the cycle and hormonal changes. The expression of Bcl-2 (inhibitor of apoptosis) in cells also varies cyclically in endometrial glandular cells, peaking in the late proliferative phase, and then decreasing to a minimum at the end of the secretory phase and within the menstruation phase. In endometriosis, the apoptosis index in endometrial functional layer is significantly lower than in healthy women. The weakened apoptosis is associated with the disturbance of its regulation. The expression of Bcl-2 increased with the progress of the disease in the endometrial tissue, while the expression of bax (apoptosis activator) corresponded to figures in healthy women. The increase in the expression of Bcl-2 was observed in the cells of myomatous fibroids. Thus, in patients with uterine myoma the ratio Bcl-2/Bax is more important. It is noted that the weakened apoptosis of endometrial cells and disorders of apoptosis regulation are leading pathogenic mechanisms for the development of proliferative diseases of the uterus. This is the basis of a new search for the effective diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this widespread disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>апоптоз клеток эндометрия</kwd><kwd>пролиферативные заболевания матки</kwd><kwd>миома матки</kwd><kwd>эндометриоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apoptosis of endometrial cells</kwd><kwd>proliferative diseases of the uterus</kwd><kwd>uterine myoma</kwd><kwd>endometriosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стрижаков А.Н., Давыдов А.И., Пашков В.М. Доброкачественные заболевания матки. – М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2011. – 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strizhakov A.N., Davydov A.I., Pashkov V.M. Dobrokachestvennye zabolevaniya matki [Benign uterine diseases]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media Publ., 2011. 288 p. 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