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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2025-14-4-703-713</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-2281</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Oпыт лечения пациентов с инструментальным разрывом трахеи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experience in Treating Patients with Instrumental Tracheal Rupture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-5367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черноусов</surname><given-names>Ф. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernousov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черноусов Фёдор Александрович, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, врач-торакальный хирург, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedor A. Chernousov, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Thoracic Surgeon, Leading Researcher, Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care</p><p>Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fchernousov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-2696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачатрян</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachatryan</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хачатрян Сурен Арутюнович, врач-торакальный хирург, торакальное хирургическое отделение </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Suren A. Khachatryan, Thoracic Surgeon, Thoracic Surgery Department</p><p>Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khachatryan.suro250@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаева Елена Борисовна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-торакальный хирург, старший научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena B. Nikolaeva, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Thoracic Surgeon, Senior Researcher, Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care</p><p>Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolaevaeb@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1994-2052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гасанов Али Магомедович, доктор медицинских наук, врач-эндоскопист, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ali M. Gasanov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Endoscopist, Leading Researcher, Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care</p><p>Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">endogas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-4890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котанджян</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotanjyan</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котанджян Вазген Гагикович, врач-торакальный хирург, заведующий хирургическим торакальным отделением </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vazgen G. Kotanjyan, Thoracic Surgeon, Head, Thoracic Surgery Department</p><p>Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.kotanjan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-8447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рабаданов</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rabadanov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рабаданов Кади Магомедович, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-торакальный хирург, старший научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kadi M. Rabadanov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Thoracic Surgeon, Senior Researcher, Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care</p><p>Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">r.kadi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-3152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тетерин</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teterin</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тетерин Юрий Сергеевич, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri S. Teterin, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head, Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care</p><p>Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">urset@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3360-2521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басханов</surname><given-names>Ш. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baskhanov</surname><given-names>Sh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Басханов Шамиль Асхабович, врач-эндоскопист, отделение неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shamil A. Baskhanov, Endoscopist, Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care</p><p>Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baskhanovborz95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>703</fpage><lpage>713</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черноусов Ф.A., Хачатрян С.А., Николаева Е.Б., Гасанов А.М., Котанджян В.Г., Рабаданов К.М., Тетерин Ю.С., Басханов Ш.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черноусов Ф.A., Хачатрян С.А., Николаева Е.Б., Гасанов А.М., Котанджян В.Г., Рабаданов К.М., Тетерин Ю.С., Басханов Ш.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernousov F.A., Khachatryan S.A., Nikolaeva E.B., Gasanov A.M., Kotanjyan V.G., Rabadanov K.M., Teterin Y.S., Baskhanov S.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2281">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2281</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Инструментальные разрывы трахеи (ИРТ) являются редким, но опасным осложнением инвазивных медицинских процедур. Отсутствие единых диагностических алгоритмов и тактик лечения, особенно у пациентов, нуждающихся в искусственной вентиляции лёгких (ИВЛ), определяет актуальность исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Улучшить результаты лечения пациентов с инструментальными повреждениями трахеи (ИПТ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведён ретроспективный и проспективный анализ 80 пациентов с ИПТ, находившихся на лечении в период с 2003 по 2024 год. Средний возраст пациентов составил 52,2±11,4 года, большинство пациентов (87,5%) — женщины. Для диагностики инструментальных разрывов трахеи использовали компьютерную томографию (КТ, n=60), трахеоскопию (n=55) и рентгеноконтрастное исследование пищевода/эзофагоскопию (n=77). Оценивали чувствительность и специфичность методов. Лечение включало консервативную и мини-инвазивную тактику (n=72) и хирургическое ушивание дефекта трахеи (n=8).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Чувствительность КТ в диагностике разрыва трахеи составила 100%. Консервативное лечение проводили всем пациентам на спонтанном дыхании (n=53), 14 больных, нуждавшихся в длительной ИВЛ, лечили путём позиционирования манжеты эндотрахеальной трубки (ЭТТ) ниже дефекта. Среди пациентов на ИВЛ, у которых манжета ЭТТ была установлена ниже разрыва, заживление наступило в 85,7% (12/14) случаев. При дистальных разрывах мембранозной стенки трахеи принималось решение о стентировании трахеи бифуркационным стентом с расположением манжеты ЭТТ в просвет стента (n=4). В одном случае при дистальном разрыве трахеи пациентка переведена на самостоятельное дыхание с поддержкой вено-венозной экстракорпоральной мембранной оксигенации. Хирургическая тактика лечения была применена в 8 случаях. Летальность в группе консервативного и мини-инвазивного лечения составила 8,3% (6/72), в то время как в группе хирургического лечения — 50% (4/8). Общая летальность — 12,5% (10/80).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. 1. Компьютерно-томографическая диагностика разрывов трахеи обладает 100% чувствительностью, что позволяет отказаться от рутинной трахеоскопии для подтверждения диагноза. 2. Трахеоскопия применяется для оценки параметров разрыва и репозиции эндотрахеальной трубки. 3. Консервативное лечение высокоэффективно и является методом выбора. 4. Приоритет консервативных и эндоскопических методик над хирургическими значительно улучшил исходы у пациентов на искусственной вентиляции лёгких.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>RelevancE Instrumental tracheal ruptures (ITRs) are a rare but dangerous complication of invasive medical procedures. The lack of uniform diagnostic algorithms and treatment strategies, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV), underscores the relevance of this study.</p><p>The aim of our study was to improve treatment outcomes for patients with instrumental tracheal injuries (ITIs).</p><p>Material and methods A retrospective and prospective analysis of 80 patients with ITI treated between 2003 and 2024 was conducted. The mean patient age was 52.2±11.4 years, and the majority of patients (87.5%) were women. Computed tomography (CT, n=60), tracheoscopy (n=55), and esophageal radiocontrast imaging/esophagoscopy (n=77) were used to diagnose instrumental tracheal ruptures. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods were assessed. Treatment included conservative and minimally invasive approaches (n=72), and surgical closure of the tracheal defect (n=8).</p><p>Results The  sensitivity  of  CT  for  diagnosing  tracheal  rupture  was  100%. All  spontaneously  breathing  patients  (n=53)  received  conservative  treatment; 14 patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation were treated by positioning the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff below the defect. Among patients on mechanical ventilation in whom the ETT cuff was placed below the rupture, healing occurred in 85.7% (12/14) of cases. For distal tracheal membranous wall ruptures, tracheal stenting with a bifurcation stent, and placement of the ETT cuff within the stent lumen was considered (n=4). In one case of distal tracheal rupture, the patient was transferred to spontaneous breathing with support from venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Surgical treatment was used in 8 cases. The mortality rate in the conservative and minimally invasive treatment group was 8.3% (6/72), while in the surgical treatment group it was 50% (4/8). Overall mortality was 12.5% (10/80).</p><p>Conclusion 1. Computed tomography for tracheal ruptures is 100% sensitive, eliminating the need for routine tracheoscopy to confirm the diagnosis. Tracheoscopy is used to assess the parameters of rupture and reposition the endotracheal tube. 3. Conservative treatment is highly effective and is the treatment of choice. 4. Prioritizing conservative and endoscopic techniques over surgical ones significantly improved outcomes in patients on mechanical ventilation</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трахея</kwd><kwd>постинтубационный разрыв трахеи</kwd><kwd>инструментальный разрыв трахеи</kwd><kwd>пневмомедиастинум</kwd><kwd>эмфизема</kwd><kwd>пневмоторакс</kwd><kwd>трахео-медиастинальный свищ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>trachea</kwd><kwd>postintubation tracheal rupture</kwd><kwd>instrumental tracheal rupture</kwd><kwd>pneumomediastinum</kwd><kwd>emphysema</kwd><kwd>pneumothorax</kwd><kwd>tracheomediastinal fistula</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданов А.Б., Корячкин В.А. Интубация трахеи. Санкт-Петербург: Санкт-Петербургское медицинское издательство; 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogdanov AB, Koryachkin VA. 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