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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2025-14-4-682-693</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-2279</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты лечения посттравматических эпидуральных гематом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outcomes of treatment for posttraumatic epidural hematomas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-4175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рында</surname><given-names>A. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rynda</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рында Артемий Юрьевич, кандидат медицинских наук, врач нейрохирург отделения неотложной нейрохирургии № 1</p><p>191014, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный проспект, д. 56</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artemii Yu. Rynda, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Neurosurgeon, Department of Emergency Neurosurgery No.</p><p>Liteiny Prospekt 56, Saint Petersburg, 19101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artemii.rynda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8230-8006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлов Олег Анатольевич, кандидат медицинских наук, врач нейрохирург, заведующий отделением неотложной нейрохирургии № 1, СПБ ГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница» МЗ РФ; ассистент кафедры нейрохирургии ФГБВОУ ВО «ВМА им. С.М. Кирова» МО РФ</p><p>191014, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный проспект, д. 56,</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Pavlov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Neurosurgeon, Head, Department  of Emergency Neurosurgery No.1, City Mariinsky Hospital; Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</p><p>Liteiny Prospekt 56, Saint Petersburg, 191014,</p><p>Akademika Lebedeva Str. 6, Saint Petersburg, 194044</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">opavlov08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-5318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подгорняк</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podgornyak</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Подгорняк Марина Юрьевна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач нейрохирург отделения неотложной нейрохирургии № 1 </p><p>191014, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный проспект, д. 56</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina Yu. Podgornyak, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Neurosurgeon, Department of Emergency Neurosurgery No.1</p><p>Liteiny Prospekt 56, Saint Petersburg, 19101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spbmaru@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">СПБ ГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница» МЗ РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">City Mariinsky Hospital<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">СПБ ГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница» МЗ РФ;&#13;
ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» МО РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">City Mariinsky Hospital;&#13;
S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>682</fpage><lpage>693</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рында A.Ю., Павлов О.А., Подгорняк М.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рында A.Ю., Павлов О.А., Подгорняк М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rynda A.Y., Pavlov O.A., Podgornyak M.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2279">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2279</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Эпидуральные гематомы (ЭГ) встречаются у 8,2% всех пациентов с черепно-мозговой травмой, более половины из них нуждаются в хирургическом лечении. У большинства пациентов с данным заболеванием возможен благоприятный исход с неосложнённым клиническим течением. Однако клиническое течение ЭГ в основном зависит от наличия дополнительных внутричерепных травм. Существует мало исследований, подробно сравнивающих результаты лечения изолированного (без наличия дополнительных внутричерепных травм) и комбинированного (с наличием дополнительных внутричерепных травм) вариантов ЭГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Анализ результатов лечения пациентов с изолированным и комбинированными вариантами ЭГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. С апреля 2015 по декабрь 2019 года на базе СПБ ГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница» проведено ретроспективное одноцентровое когортное исследование. В исследование включили 129 пациентов; у 68 (52,7%) был изолированный вариант ЭГ, у 61 (47,3%) — комбинированный. Всего в исследование вошёл 81 мужчина (62,8%) и 48 женщин (37,2%). Средний возраст больных был значительно выше в группе с комбинированным вариантом ЭГ (48,3 против 32,7 года, p=0,001). Средний срок наблюдения составил более 5 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. С увеличением возраста больных комбинированный вариант ЭГ имел более высокую частоту встречаемости, чем её изолированный вариант. Уровень внутрибольничной летальности у пациентов в выборке составил 3,1%, в группе с изолированным вариантом ЭГ — 1,5% (1 пациент) и в группе с комбинированной ЭГ — 4,9% (3 пациента). Благоприятный исход был достигнут у 84 пациентов (65,1%). В группе с изолированным вариантом ЭГ этот показатель находился на уровне 88,2% (60 пациентов), а в группе с комбинированным вариантом ЭГ — на уровне 41,4% (24 пациента). Проведённый анализ на наличие у пациентов различных дополнительных внутричерепных повреждений при комбинированном варианте ЭГ не выявил существенной разницы в результатах. Пациенты с изолированным вариантом ЭГ имели статистически значимо более низкий риск смертельного исхода (относительный риск — ОР: 0,31; 95% доверительный интервал — ДИ [0,11, 0,41]) и статистически значимо более низкий риск неблагоприятного исхода по шкале исходов Глазго (ОР: 0,19; 95% ДИ [0,11, 0,29]), чем пациенты с комбинированным вариантом ЭГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Как правило, у пациентов с хирургически пролеченным изолированным вариантом эпидуральной гематомы отмечается благоприятный исход. Кроме того, благоприятные исходы могут быть в 50% случаев у пациентов с комбинированным вариантом эпидуральной гематомы или изолированным вариантом эпидуральной гематомы с низким баллом при оценке по шкале комы Глазго. Поэтому следует прилагать все возможные усилия для лечения и достижения благоприятного исхода при такой потенциально смертельной травме.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Epidural hematomas occur in 8.2% of all patients with traumatic brain injury, more than half of whom require surgical treatment. Most patients with this condition have a favorable outcome with an uncomplicated clinical course. However, the clinical course of epidural hematomas depends mainly on the presence of additional intracranial injuries. There are few studies that compare in detail the results of treatment of isolated (without additional intracranial injuries) and combined (with additional intracranial injuries) variants of epidural hematomas.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Оf the study Analysis of treatment outcomes in patients with isolated and combined types of epidural hematomas.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective, single-center, cohort study at the Mariinsky City Hospital from April 2015 to December 2019. We included 129 patients in the study. 68 (52.7%) patients had the isolated version of epidural hematoma, 61 (47.3%) patients had the combined version of epidural hematoma. 81 (62.8%) patients were men, and 48 (37.2%) were women. The average patient age was significantly higher in the group with the combined version of epidural hematoma (48.3 years versus 32.7 years, p=0.001). The average follow-up time was more than 5 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. With increasing age, the combined variant of epidural hematoma had a higher incidence rate than the isolated variant of epidural hematoma. The in-hospital mortality rate in patients in the sample was 3.1%, in the group with the isolated variant of epidural hematoma 1.5% (1 patient), and 4.9% (3 patients) in the group with combined epidural hematoma. A good favorable outcome was achieved in 84 patients (65.1%), in the group with the isolated variant of epidural hematoma this figure was 88.2% (60 patients), in the group with the combined variant of epidural hematoma 41.4% (24 patients). Analysis of various additional intracranial injuries in patients with the combined variant of epidural hematomas did not reveal a significant difference in the results. Patients with isolated epidural hematoma had a statistically significantly lower risk of mortality (relative risk: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.11–0.41), and a statistically significantly lower risk of poor outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) (relative risk: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11–0.29) than patients with combined epidural hematomas.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In general, patients with surgically treated isolated epidural hematomas have a positive favorable outcome. In addition, favorable outcomes can be achieved in 50% of cases in patients with combined epidural hematomas or isolated epidural hematomas with a low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Therefore, every possible effort should be made to treat and achieve a favorable outcome in this potentially fatal injury.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>эпидуральные гематомы</kwd><kwd>результаты лечения</kwd><kwd>исход заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>epidural hematomas</kwd><kwd>treatment results</kwd><kwd>disease outcome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leitgeb J, Mauritz W, Brazinova A, Majdan M, Wilbacher I. Outcome after severe brain trauma associated with epidural hematoma. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013;133(2):199–207. PMID: 23161150 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-012-1652-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leitgeb J, Mauritz W, Brazinova A, Majdan M, Wilbacher I. 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