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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2025-14-3-586-600</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-2215</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механическая поддержка кровообращения у пациентов с терминальной сердечной недостаточностью: обзор литературы (часть 1)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients with End-Stage Heart Failure: a Literature Review (Part 1)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0746-1884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубутия</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubutiya</surname><given-names>M. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хубутия Могели Шалвович, академик РАН, профессор, президент,</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mogeli Sh. Khubutiya, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, President,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khubutiyams@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-5602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токарев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokarev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Токарев Алексей Сергеевич, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник неотложной нейрохирургии,</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey S. Tokarev, Candidate of Medical Science, Research Associate, Department of Emergency Neurosurgery, </p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tokarevas@mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-9491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубцов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubtsov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рубцов Николай Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник научного отдела неотложной кардиохирургии,</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Rubtsov, Candidate of Medical Science, Research Associate, Scientific Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rubtsovnv@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-1515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исрапиев</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Israpiev</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исрапиев Магомед Вахарсолтович, специалист организационно-методического отдела по стационарной помощи,</p><p>115088, Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magomed V. Israpiev, Specialist of the Organizational and Methodological Department for Inpatient Care,</p><p>Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Str. 9, Moscow, 115088</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">israpievmv@mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3398-358X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуцишвили</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khutsishvili</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хуцишвили Леван Гайозович, младший научный сотрудник научного отдела неотложной кардиохирургии, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3;</p><p>специалист организационно-методического отдела по стационарной помощи, 115088, Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, д. 9 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Levan G. Khutsishvili, Junior Researcher, Scientific Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090;</p><p>Specialist of the Organizational and Methodological Department for Inpatient Care, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Str. 9, Moscow, 115088</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khutsishvililg1@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-9188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сагиров</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sagirov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сагиров Марат Анварович, заведующий научным отделом неотложной кардиохирургии,</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat A. Sagirov, Head of the Scientific Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery, </p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sagirovma@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-5263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аргир</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Argir</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аргир Иван Александрович, младший научный сотрудник научного отдела неотложной кардиохирургии, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3;</p><p>специалист организационно-методического отдела по стационарной помощи, 115088, Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Argir, Junior Researcher, Scientific Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090;</p><p>Specialist of the Organizational and Methodological Department for Inpatient Care, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Str. 9, Moscow, 115088</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan.argir.91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»;&#13;
ГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine;&#13;
Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>586</fpage><lpage>600</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хубутия М.Ш., Токарев А.С., Рубцов Н.В., Исрапиев М.В., Хуцишвили Л.Г., Сагиров М.А., Аргир И.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хубутия М.Ш., Токарев А.С., Рубцов Н.В., Исрапиев М.В., Хуцишвили Л.Г., Сагиров М.А., Аргир И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khubutiya M.S., Tokarev A.S., Rubtsov N.V., Israpiev M.V., Khutsishvili L.G., Sagirov M.A., Argir I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2215">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2215</self-uri><abstract><p>Хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) является прогрессирующим и необратимым синдромом, формирующимся на фоне структурных и функциональных нарушений сердца. Она сопровождается снижением сердечного выброса, перегрузкой давлением и высоким уровнем госпитализаций, что делает ХСН одной из ключевых медико-социальных проблем современности. В последние десятилетия распространённость ХСН неуклонно растёт, особенно среди пожилого населения, что связано с увеличением продолжительности жизни и улучшением качества медицинской помощи. По прогнозам, к 2050 году число пациентов возрастёт на 50–60% по сравнению с 2010 годом.</p><p>Терминальная стадия ХСН отличается крайне неблагоприятным прогнозом: выживаемость не превышает 25–30%. Трансплантация сердца (ТС) остаётся единственным радикальным методом лечения, способным существенно улучшить выживаемость и качество жизни. Однако дефицит донорских органов и рост числа пациентов обуславливают необходимость использования методов механической поддержки кровообращения (МПК) как временной или долговременной альтернативы.</p><p>Системы МПК выполняют роль «моста» к трансплантации, позволяя стабилизировать гемодинамику и поддерживать функцию органов до проведения операции. Наиболее распространёнными технологиями кратковременной поддержки являются экстракорпоральная мембранная оксигенация (ЭКМО), внутриаортальная баллонная контрпульсация (ВАБК) и временные осевые насосы (Impella, TandemHeart). ЭКМО обеспечивает как респираторную, так и гемодинамическую поддержку, однако связана с высоким риском осложнений и относительно низкой выживаемостью. ВАБК — наиболее доступный метод, позволяющий улучшить коронарную перфузию, но дающий ограниченную поддержку. Устройства Impella демонстрируют более высокую эффективность, разгружая левый желудочек и улучшая системную гемодинамику, при этом характеризуются меньшим числом осложнений. TandemHeart обеспечивает сопоставимый эффект, но требует более сложной техники установки.</p><p>Выбор метода МПК зависит от состояния пациента, тяжести полиорганной дисфункции, доступности оборудования и квалификации специалистов. Современные исследования подтверждают, что комбинация различных устройств (например, ЭКМО и Impella) может улучшать исходы. Таким образом, МПК занимает центральное место в лечении терминальной сердечной недостаточности в условиях ограниченного донорского ресурса, позволяя выиграть время до трансплантации и снизить летальность в листе ожидания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive and irreversible syndrome that develops against the background of structural and functional disorders of the heart. It is accompanied by a decrease in cardiac output, pressure overload and a high level of hospitalizations, which makes CHF one of the key medical and social problems of our time. In recent decades, the prevalence of CHF has been steadily increasing, especially among the elderly population, which is associated with an increase in life expectancy and an improvement in the quality of medical care. According to forecasts, by 2050 the number of patients will increase by 50-60% compared to 2010.</p><p>The terminal stage of CHF is characterized by an extremely unfavorable prognosis: survival does not exceed 25-30%. Heart transplantation (HT) remains the only radical treatment method that can significantly improve survival and quality of life. However, the shortage of donor organs and the growing number of patients necessitate the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as a temporary or long-term alternative.</p><p>MPC systems act as a “bridge” to transplantation, allowing for hemodynamic stabilization and organ function support before surgery. The most common short-term support technologies are extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and temporary axial pumps (Impella, TandemHeart). ECMO provides both respiratory and hemodynamic support, but is associated with a high risk of complications and relatively low survival. IABP is the most accessible method, improving coronary perfusion, but provides limited support. Impella devices demonstrate higher efficiency, unloading the left ventricle and improving systemic hemodynamics, while being characterized by fewer complications. TandemHeart provides a comparable effect, but requires a more complex installation technique.</p><p>The choice of MPC method depends on the patient’s condition, the severity of multiorgan dysfunction, the availability of equipment, and the qualifications of the specialists. Current research confirms that a combination of different devices (e.g., ECMO and Impella) can improve outcomes.</p><p>Thus, mechanical circulatory support occupies a central place in the treatment of terminal heart failure in conditions of limited donor resources, allowing to gain time before transplantation and reduce mortality on the waiting list.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>вспомогательное кровообращение</kwd><kwd>искусственное кровообращение</kwd><kwd>механическая поддержка кровообращения</kwd><kwd>искусственные желудочки сердца</kwd><kwd>левожелудочковый обход</kwd><kwd>ЭКМО</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>assisted circulation</kwd><kwd>artificial circulation</kwd><kwd>mechanical circulatory support</kwd><kwd>artificial ventricles of the heart</kwd><kwd>left ventricular bypass</kwd><kwd>ECMO</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хроническая сердечная недостаточность. 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