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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2025-14-1-155-165</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-2074</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы нутритивно-метаболической терапии пациентов с кишечными свищами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Nutritional and Metabolic Therapy of Patients with Intestinal Fistulas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-825X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луфт</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luft</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Луфт Валерий Матвеевич - профессор, доктор медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории клинического питания ГБУ «СПб НИИ СП им. И.И. Джанелидзе».</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery M. Luft - Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.</p><p>Budapeshtskaya Str. 3, lit. A, Saint Petersburg, 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lvm_aspep@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5606-288X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демко</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demko</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демко Андрей Евгеньевич - профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе ГБУ «СПб НИИ СП им. И.И. Джанелидзе»; заведующий второй кафедрой хирургии усовершенствования врачей ФГБВОУ ВО «ВМА им. С. М. Кирова» МО РФ.</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А; 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6 Ж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey E. Demko - Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director for Research, Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine; Head of the Second Department of Surgery for Advanced Medical Studies, S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>Budapeshtskaya Str. 3, lit. A, Saint Petersburg, 192242; Akademika Lebedeva Str. 6 Zh, Saint Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demkoandrey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-1116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кельбетова</surname><given-names>Б. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kelbetova</surname><given-names>B. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кельбетова Бибигуль Рафаэльевна - младший научный сотрудник, врач-хирург отдела клинического питания ГБУ «СПб НИИ СП им. И.И. Джанелидзе».</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bibigul R. Kelbetova - Junior Researcher, Surgeon, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.</p><p>Budapeshtskaya Str. 3, lit. A, Saint Petersburg, 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bibi.k96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-7902</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батыршин</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batyrshin</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Батыршин Ильдар Муллаянович - доктор медицинских наук, врач-хирург, заведующий отделением хирургических инфекций ГБУ «СПб НИИ СП им. И.И. Джанелидзе»; преподаватель 2-й кафедры хирургии усовершенствования врачей ФГБВОУ ВО «ВМА им. С. М. Кирова» МО РФ.</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А; 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6 Ж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ildar M. Batyrshin - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Surgeon, Head of the Surgical Infections Department, Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine; Lecturer of the 2nd Department of Surgery for Advanced Medical Studies, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>Budapeshtskaya Str. 3, lit. A, Saint Petersburg, 192242; Akademika Lebedeva Str. 6 Zh, Saint Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onrush@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4337-3697</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомин Дмитрий Валерьевич - врач-хирург по оказанию экстренной медицинской помощи ГБУ «СПб НИИ СП им. И.И. Джанелидзе».</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Fomin - Surgeon for Emergency Medical Care, Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.</p><p>Budapeshtskaya Str. 3, lit. A, Saint Petersburg, 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctordmitryfomin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-8328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапицкий</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapitskiy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапицкий Алексей Викторович - кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник, врач-хирург отдела клинического питания ГБУ «СПб НИИ СП им. И.И. Джанелидзе».</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Lapitsky - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Researcher, Surgeon, Clinical Nutrition Department, Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.</p><p>Budapeshtskaya Str. 3, lit. A, Saint Petersburg, 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lapickiy@emergency.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-5300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пичугина</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pichugina</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пичугина Галина Александровна - кандидат медицинских наук, врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог, заведующая септической реанимацией СПб «СПб НИИ СП им. И.И. Джанелидзе».</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina A. Pichugina - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Anesthesiologist and Resuscitator, Head of the Septic Resuscitation Department, Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.</p><p>Budapeshtskaya Str. 3, lit. A, Saint Petersburg, 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gal-gal2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9355-0498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергеева Анастасия Михайловна - кандидат медицинских наук, врач-гастроэнтеролог 5-го хирургического отделения (городского панкреоцентра), научный сотрудник отдела клинического питания ГБУ «СПб НИИ СП им. И.И. Джанелидзе».</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia M. Sergeeva - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterologist, 5th Surgical Department (Municipal Pancreatic Center), Researсher, Clinical Nutrition Department, Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.</p><p>Budapeshtskaya Str. 3, lit. A, Saint Petersburg, 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spb_as@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6985-3508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усенов</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usenov</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усенов Касымхан Кенесариевич - адъюнкт 1-го года обучения второй кафедры хирургии усовершенствования врачей ФГБВОУ ВО «ВМА им. С. М. Кирова» МО РФ.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6 Ж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kasymkhan K. Usenov - 1st Year Postgraduate Student, Department of Advanced Medical Studies, Second Surgery, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>Akademika Lebedeva Str. 6 Zh, Saint Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kasymxan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»; ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» МО РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine; S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>155</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Луфт В.М., Демко А.Е., Кельбетова Б.Р., Батыршин И.М., Фомин Д.В., Лапицкий А.В., Пичугина Г.А., Сергеева А.М., Усенов К.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Луфт В.М., Демко А.Е., Кельбетова Б.Р., Батыршин И.М., Фомин Д.В., Лапицкий А.В., Пичугина Г.А., Сергеева А.М., Усенов К.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Luft V.M., Demko A.E., Kelbetova B.R., Batyrshin I.M., Fomin D.V., Lapitskiy A.V., Pichugina G.A., Sergeeva A.M., Usenov K.K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2074">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2074</self-uri><abstract><p>Кишечные свищи до настоящего времени остаются мультидисциплинарной, нередко угрожающей жизни, проблемой клинической медицины. Подобные пациенты в процессе их как консервативного, так и хирургического этапов лечения длительное время пребывают в состоянии системной метаболической дисфункции, которая, как правило, сопровождается явлениями трофологической недостаточности различной степени выраженности. В этой связи одним из важнейших направлений лечения подобной категории пациентов является нутритивно-метаболическая терапия (НМТ), направленная на минимизацию последствий, а по возможности и купирование катаболической направленности обмена, что будет способствовать стабилизации трофологического статуса пациентов и улучшению результатов их лечения. НМТ больных с кишечными свищами до настоящего времени остаётся весьма сложной и недостаточно решённой проблемой, требующей дальнейшего изучения. В статье рассматриваются особенности и дискуссионные вопросы НМТ данной категории пациентов, а также рациональный выбор питательных доступов и оптимального энергетического и белкового их обеспечения при реализации клинического питания в зависимости от анатомической принадлежности свища и степени его продукции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intestinal fistulas remain a multidisciplinary, often life-threatening problem of clinical medicine. Such patients in the process of their conservative and surgical stages of treatment remain in a state of systemic metabolic dysfunction for a long time, which is usually accompanied by phenomena of trophological insufficiency of varying severity. In this regard, one of the most important areas of treatment for this category of patients is nutritional-metabolic therapy (NMT), aimed at minimizing the consequences, and, if possible, stopping the catabolic orientation of metabolism, which will help stabilize the trophological status of patients and improve the results of their treatment. NMT of patients with intestinal fistulas still remains a very complex and insufficiently resolved problem that requires further study. This article discusses the features and controversial issues of NMT for this category of patients, as well as a rational choice of nutritional accesses and optimal energy and protein supply when implementing clinical nutrition depending on the anatomical affiliation of the fistula and the degree of its production.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечный свищ</kwd><kwd>кишечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>нутриционная поддержка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestinal fistula</kwd><kwd>intestinal failure</kwd><kwd>nutritional support</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (No 23-25-10051, https://rscf.ru/project/23-25-10051/) и Санкт-Петербургского научного фонда (No 23-25-10051, https://rscf.ru/project/23-25-10051/)</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (No. 23-25-10051, https://rscf.ru/project/23-25-10051/) and the St. Petersburg Science Foundation (No. 23-25-10051, https://rscf.ru/project/23-25-10051/)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makhdoom ZA, Komar MJ, Still CD. 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