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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2025-14-1-37-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-2069</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультразвуковое исследование функции диафрагмы: методика, нормативные значения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function: Methodology, Normative Values</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2713-3498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евграфов</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evgrafov</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евграфов Павел Геннадьевич - младший научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики ГБУЗ «НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»;</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel G. Evgrafov - Junior Researcher, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gembov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9669-9164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамидова</surname><given-names>Л. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamidova</surname><given-names>L. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хамидова Лайлаъ Тимарбековна - доктор медицинских наук, заведующая научным отделением лучевой диагностики ГБУЗ «НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»;</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laila T. Khamidova - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">layla72@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петриков</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrikov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петриков Сергей Сергеевич - член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, директор ГБУЗ «НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»;</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Petrikov - Corresponding Member of the RAS, Full Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrikovss@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евграфов П.Г., Хамидова Л.Т., Петриков С.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евграфов П.Г., Хамидова Л.Т., Петриков С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evgrafov P.G., Khamidova L.T., Petrikov S.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2069">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2069</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ</title><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Дисфункция диафрагмы (ДД) широко распространена у пациентов, находящихся в критическом состоянии, и зачастую является причиной дыхательной недостаточности, требующей респираторной поддержки. Общепринятая методика неинвазивного динамического исследования функции диафрагмы до настоящего момента не предложена.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Разработать методику ультразвукового исследования подвижности и относительного утолщения диафрагмы, предложить нормативные показатели экскурсии и относительного утолщения диафрагмы в зависимости от пола и возраста.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ. У 81 здорового добровольца в возрасте от 25 до 84 лет (средний возраст 55±15 лет) при ультразвуковом исследовании определена толщина диафрагмы справа и слева у места прикрепления мышечной части на выдохе, спокойном и форсированном вдохе; расчитана фракция утолщения (ФУ), экскурсия диафрагмы на спокойном и максимальном вдохе, а также индекс функционального резерва по утолщению (ИФР(т)) и экскурсии диафрагмы (ИФР(э)). Прослежена зависимость определяемых параметров от возраста, пола, роста, индекса массы тела (ИМТ) и площади поверхности тела (ППТ) испытуемых. Для оценки межисследовательской воспроизводимости рассчитаны пределы согласия и коэффициент внутриклассовой корреляции ультразвуковых параметров функции диафрагмы.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Экскурсия диафрагмы у женщин меньше, чем у мужчин, и статистически значимо уменьшается с возрастом. Продемонстрирована прямая зависимость между толщиной диафрагмы на выдохе и ППТ. ФУ на спокойном вдохе слева слабо, но статистически значимо падает с ростом ИМТ. ИФР(т) справа слабо, но статистически значимо уменьшается с возрастом. Нижние границы референсных интервалов для ИФР(э) и ИФР(т) не зависят от рассмотренных факторов и одинаковы для правой и левой половин диафрагмы. Межисследовательская воспроизводимость ультразвуковых показателей функции диафрагмы высокая: коэффициенты внутриклассовой корреляции для различных параметров составили от 0,81 до 0,96, погрешность измерений по результатам анализа Бланда–Альтмана была небольшой относительно измеренных величин.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Предложена методика ультразвукового исследования функции диафрагмы. Подтверждена высокая межисследовательская воспроизводимость рассмотренных ультразвуковых параметров, предложены референсные интервалы. Индексы функционального резерва не зависят от половозрастных и конституциональных характеристик испытуемых.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>RELEVANCE</title><p>RELEVANCE. Diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) is common in critically ill patients, and is often the cause of respiratory failure requiring respiratory support. A generally accepted method for noninvasive dynamic evaluation of diaphragm function has not yet been proposed.</p></sec><sec><title>the AIM OF STUDY</title><p>the AIM OF STUDY. To develop a method for ultrasound examination of diaphragm mobility and relative thickening, to propose standard parameters of diaphragm excursion and relative thickening depending on gender and age.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIAL AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIAL AND METHODS. In 81 healthy volunteers aged 25 to 84 years (mean age 55±15 years), we used ultrasound to determine the thickness of the diaphragm on the right and left at the attachment site of the muscular part on end-expiration, tidal and forced inspiration; to calculate the fractional thickening (FT), diaphragm excursion during quiet and maximum inspiration, as well as indices of functional reserve by thickening (IFR(t)) and by diaphragm excursion (IFR(e)). We traced the dependence of the determined parameters on the age, gender, height, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) of the subjects. To assess interobserver reproducibility, we calculated the limits of agreement and the intraclass correlation coefficient of the ultrasound parameters of the diaphragm function.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The excursion of the diaphragm in women is smaller than in men, and statistically significantly decreases with age. A direct relationship between the thickness of the diaphragm on exhalation and the BSA was demonstrated. The FT during quiet inspiration on the left slightly but statistically significantly decreases with increasing BMI. The IFR(t) on the right slightly but statistically significantly decreases with age. The lower limits of the reference intervals for IFR(e) and IFR(t) do not depend on the factors considered and are the same for the right and left halves of the diaphragm. Inter-study reproducibility of ultrasound indices of diaphragm function is high: intra-class correlation coefficients for various parameters ranged from 0.81 to 0.96, measurement error according to the results of Bland-Altman analysis was small relative to the measured values.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. A method for ultrasound examination of diaphragm function is proposed. High inter-study reproducibility of the considered ultrasound parameters was confirmed, reference intervals were proposed. Functional reserve indices do not depend on age, gender and constitutional characteristics of the subjects.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование диафрагмы</kwd><kwd>дисфункция диафрагмы</kwd><kwd>фракция утолщения</kwd><kwd>индекс функционального резерва диафрагмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diaphragm ultrasound</kwd><kwd>diaphragm dysfunction</kwd><kwd>thickening fraction</kwd><kwd>diaphragm functional reserve index</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zambon M, Greco M, Bocchino S, Cabrini L, Beccaria PF, Zangrillo A. Assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction in the critically ill patient with ultrasound: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(1):29–38. 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