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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2024-13-4-599-605</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-2001</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Желудочно-кишечные кровотечения на фоне антикоагулянтной и антиагрегантной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gastrointestinal Bleeding Associated with Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3847-8387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Северцев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Severtsev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Северцев Алексей Николаевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, и.о. заведующего кафедрой госпитальной хирургии № 1.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey N. Severtsev - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Acting Head, Department of Hospital Surgery No. 1.</p><p>Ostrovitianov Str. 1 , Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sev_alex@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-7159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аносов</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anosov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аносов Виктор Давидович - кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по хирургической помощи.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1; 111539, Москва, ул. Вешняковская, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor D. Anosov - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgical Care.</p><p>Ostrovitianov Str. 1 , Moscow, 117997; Veshnyakovskaya Str. 23, Moscow, 111539</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avsurg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-2491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домрачев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Domrachev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Домрачев Сергей Анатольевич - доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Domrachev - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher.</p><p>Entuziastov Highway 86, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">domra53@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0265-4659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинников</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Овчинников Сергей Витальевич - врач хирург.</p><p>111539, Москва, ул. Вешняковская, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Ovchinnikov – Surgeon.</p><p>Veshnyakovskaya Str. 23, Moscow, 111539</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">servio@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3983-7890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогожина</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogozhina</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рогожина Людмила Сергеевна - врач хирург.</p><p>111539, Москва, ул. Вешняковская, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila S. Rogozhina – Surgeon.</p><p>Veshnyakovskaya Str. 23, Moscow, 111539</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rogozhinals@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1295-8035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyev</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьев Никита Олегович - врач-хирург отделения высокотехнологичной хирургии и хирургической эндоскопии.</p><p>111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita O. Solovyev - Surgeon, Department of High-Tech Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy.</p><p>Entuziastov Highway 86, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niks97@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8457-6347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрченко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurchenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрченко Ирина Викторовна          врач кардиолог ГБУЗ «ГКБ № 15 им. О.М. Филатова ДЗМ».</p><p>111539, Москва, ул. Вешняковская, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Yurchenko – Cardiologist.</p><p>Veshnyakovskaya Str. 23, Moscow, 111539</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinayurchenko28@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 15 им. О.М. Филатова ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; O.М. Filatov City Clinical Hospital No. 15</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 15 им. О.М. Филатова ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>O.М. Filatov City Clinical Hospital No. 15</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>599</fpage><lpage>605</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Северцев А.Н., Аносов В.Д., Домрачев С.А., Овчинников С.В., Рогожина Л.С., Соловьев Н.О., Юрченко И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Северцев А.Н., Аносов В.Д., Домрачев С.А., Овчинников С.В., Рогожина Л.С., Соловьев Н.О., Юрченко И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Severtsev A.N., Anosov V.D., Domrachev S.A., Ovchinnikov S.V., Rogozhina L.S., Solovyev N.O., Yurchenko I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2001">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/2001</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ    Лечение желудочно-кишечных кровотечений у больных, получающих антикоагулянтную и антиагрегантную терапию, является крайне сложной и актуальной проблемой. Риски рецидива кровотечения у таких пациентов крайне высокие, при этом эффективность стандартных методов лечения желудочно-кишечных кровотечений у данной категории больных ниже в сравнении с общей популяцией. Вышесказанное послужило предпосылкой к данному исследованию.</p><p>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ       В период с 2020 по 2023 год в ГКБ им. О.М. Филатова по поводу желудочно-кишечного кровотечения проходили лечение 362 пациента, получавших антиагрегантную или антикоагулянтную терапию. Всем пациентам выполняли эндоскопическое исследование желудочно-кишечного тракта, при этом первичный эндоскопический гемостаз потребовался 126 больным (34,8%). У 35 пациентов (9,6%) была выполнена эндоваскулярная эмболизация сосуда — источника кровотечения. Проанализированы факторы риска смертельного исхода, необходимости оперативного вмешательства и рецидива кровотечения. Изучена чувствительность и специфичность шкал Rockall и Glasgow–Blatchford для оценки риска рецидива кровотечения и необходимости оперативного вмешательства у данной категории больных.</p><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ                Антикоагулянтная терапия была статистически значимо ассоциирована с увеличением риска смертельного исхода. Среди факторов риска смертельного исхода статистически значимыми оказались инфекция COVID-19, возраст более 75 лет и артериальная гипертензия. Наибольшую эффективность гемостаза продемонстрировала эндоваскулярная эмболизация, частота рецидива кровотечения при этом вмешательстве составила 5,7%, против 32,5% при эндоскопических вмешательствах. Прогностическая значимость шкал Rockall и Glasgow–Blatchford по результатам нашего исследования была недостаточной.</p><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ           Результаты исследования согласуются с данными мировой литературы. Следует учитывать высокую эффективность эндоваскулярной эмболизации у данной категории больных при выборе метода гемостаза. Факторы риска, ассоциированные со смертельным исходом, также не противоречат общепринятой концепции. При этом целесообразность и задачи применения актуальных прогностических шкал у таких пациентов требуют дальнейшего изучения.</p><p>Пациенты старше 75 лет, получающие антикоагулянтную терапию, а также больные COVID-19 имеют набольшие риски смертельного исхода, что обязательно следует учитывать при лечении подобных больных (p&lt;0,01).</p><p>Целесообразность использования прогностических шкал Rockall и Glasgow–Blatchford у данной категории пациентов невысока, о чем свидетельствуют низкие показатели площади под кривой AUC для шкалы Rockall — 0,6 и для шкалы Glasgow–Blatchford — 0,48.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>INTRODUCTION Treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy is an extremely complex and urgent problem. The risks of recurrent bleeding in such patients are extremely high, while the effectiveness of standard methods of treating gastrointestinal bleeding in this category of patients is lower, compared to the general population. The above served as a prerequisite for this study.</p><p>MATERIAL AND METHODS In the period from 2020 to 2023, 362 patients receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy were treated for gastrointestinal bleeding at the O.I. Filatov City Clinical Hospital. All patients underwent endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract, with primary endoscopic hemostasis required in 126 patients (34.8%). Endovascular embolization of the vessel — the source of bleeding. Risk factors for death, need for surgical intervention and recurrence of bleeding were analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of the Rockall and Glasgow–Blatchford scales for assessing the risk of recurrence of bleeding and the need for surgical intervention in this category of patients were studied.</p><p>RESULTS Anticoagulant therapy was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of death. Among the risk factors for death, COVID-19 infection, age over 75 years, and arterial hypertension were statistically significant. Endovascular hemostasis demonstrated the greatest effectiveness embolization , the frequency of recurrent bleeding in this intervention was 5.7%, versus 32.5% in endoscopic interventions. The prognostic significance of the Rockall and Glasgow– Blatchford scales according to the results of our study was insufficient.</p><p>CONCLUSION The results of the study are consistent with the data of the world literature. It is necessary to take into account the high efficiency of endovascular embolization in this category of patients when choosing a hemostasis method. Risk factors associated with a fatal outcome also do not contradict the generally accepted concept. At the same time, the feasibility and objectives of using current prognostic scales in such patients require further study.</p><p>Patients over 75 years of age receiving anticoagulant therapy, as well as patients with COVID-19, have a lower risk of death, which must be taken into account when treating such patients (p&lt;0.01).</p><p>The appropriateness of using the Rockall and Glasgow–Blatchford prognostic scales in this category of patients is low, as evidenced by the low area under the curve (AUC) for the Rockall scale (0.6) and for the Glasgow–Blatchford scale (0.48).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>желудочно-кишечные кровотечения</kwd><kwd>гемостаз</kwd><kwd>сосудистая эмболизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastrointestinal bleeding</kwd><kwd>hemostasis</kwd><kwd>vascular embolization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имеет спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study has no sponsorship</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">St Mauro A, De Grazia F, Lenti MV, Penagini R, Frego R, Ardizzone S, et al. 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