nmpЖурнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"2223-90222541-8017“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”10.23934/2223-9022-2023-12-2-299-308nmp-1621Research ArticleВ ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУFOR PRACTICING PHYSICIANSАлгоритм диспетчерского сопровождения и подходы к оказанию первой помощи при обструкции дыхательных путей инородным теломForeign Body Airway Obstruction: Modern Principles and Approaches to First Aid and Dispatcher Assistance on First Aidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-9760БиркунА. А.BirkunA. A.

Биркун Алексей Алексеевич - доктор медицинских наук, доцент; доцент кафедры общей хирургии, анестезиологии-реаниматологии и скорой медицинской помощи Института «Медицинская академия им. С.И. Георгиевского» ФГАОУ ВО «КФУ им. В.И. Вернадского»; врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог ГБУЗ Р К КРЦМКиСМП.

295051, Симферополь, б-р Ленина, д. 5/7; 295024, Симферополь, ул. 60 лет Октября, д. 30

Aleksei A. Birkun - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University.

5/7, Lenin Blvd, Simferopol, 295051; 30, Octyabrya 60th Anniversary Str., Simferopol, 295024

birkunalexei@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-1724ДежурныйЛ. И.DezhurnyL. I.

Дежурный Леонид Игоревич - доктор медицинских наук, доцент; главный научный сотрудник ФГБУ ЦНИИОИЗ МЗ РФ, главный внештатный специалист по первой помощи Минздрава России.

127254 Москва, ул. Добролюбова, д. 11 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

Leonid I. Dezhurny - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Principal non-staff specialist in first aid of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

11, Dobrolubova Str., Moscow, 127254; 2/1, Barrikadnaya Str., Moscow, 125993

dl6581111@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-8737РаевскийА. А.RaevskiyA. A.

Раевский Александр Александрович - врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог специализированной подстанции № 15 СПб ГБУЗ ГССМП; старший врач оперативного отдела центральной подстанции СПб ГБУЗ ГССМП.

191023, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Малая Садовая, д. 1/25; 197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8

Aleksandr A. Raevskiy - Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Physician, Specialised Substation no. 15, City Station of Emergency Medical Services; Senior Physician, Operating Department, Central Substation of the City Station of Emergency Medical Services.

1/25, Malaya Sadovaya Str., St. Petersburg, 191023; 6–8, L’va Tolstogo Str., St. Petersburg, 197022

araevskiy03@bk.ruФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского», Институт «Медицинская академия им. С.И. Георгиевского»; ГБУЗ Республики Крым «Крымский республиканский центр медицины катастроф и скорой медицинской помощи»РоссияV.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy; Crimean Republican Center of Disaster Medicine and Emergency Medical ServicesRussian FederationФГБУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» МЗ РФ; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» МЗ РФРоссияFederal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian FederationСПб ГБУЗ «Городская станция скорой медицинской помощи»; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» МЗ РФРоссияCity Station of Emergency Medical Services; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202329072023122299308Copyright © Биркун А.А., Дежурный Л.И., Раевский А.А., 20232023Биркун А.А., Дежурный Л.И., Раевский А.А.Birkun A.A., Dezhurny L.I., Raevskiy A.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1621

Обструкция дыхательных путей инородным телом (ОДПИТ) — одна из самых частых причин смерти взрослых людей и детей вследствие несчастного случая. Вероятность спасения жизни при тяжелой ОДПИТ зависит от способности свидетеля происшествия быстро распознать проблему и правильно оказать первую помощь (ПП) пострадавшему. Однако, в связи с недостатком знаний и навыков оказания ПП, очевидцы редко предпринимают попытки оказания помощи. Наряду с массовым обучением ПП, активному вовлечению населения в процесс оказания ПП может способствовать предоставление инструкций по ПП необученным свидетелям происшествия по телефону диспетчерами скорой медицинской помощи (СМП). В рамках настоящего исследования выполнен детальный анализ современных принципов и подходов к оказанию ПП при ОДПИТ и разработан проект универсального русскоязычного алгоритма дистанционного диспетчерского сопровождения ПП при этом состоянии. Разработанный алгоритм может стать компонентом отечественной программы дистанционного инструктирования населения по вопросам оказания ПП при угрожающих жизни состояниях и предлагается для дальнейшей апробации и внедрения в работу диспетчеров службы СМП.

Foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) is one of the most common causes of accidental death in adults and children. Probability of saving a life in severe FBAO depends on the ability of the bystander to quickly recognize the problem and correctly provide first aid (FA) to the victim. However, due to the lack of knowledge and skills of the FA, bystanders rarely attempt to give necessary help. Along with mass FA training, provision of instructions on the FA to untrained bystanders over the telephone by emergency medical services (EMS) dispatchers can facilitate active involvement of the population in the process of providing FA. In this study, a detailed analysis of the modern principles and approaches to the provision of the FA in FBAO was carried out and a draft of a universal Russian-language algorithm for remote dispatch support of the FA was developed. The developed algorithm can become a component of the domestic program for remotely instructing the population on provision of FA in life-threatening conditions and is proposed for further testing and implementation in the practice of EMS dispatchers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.