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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2022-11-3-493-500</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-1452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Предсердная кардиомиопатия и криптогенный инсульт</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Cryptogenic Stroke</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-4114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанов</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramazanov</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамазанов Ганипа Рамазанович кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ganipa R. Ramazanov Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Scientific Department of Emergency Neurology and Rehabilitation</p><p>129090, Moscow, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ramazanovgr@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-1417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалева Элла Александровна кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель учебного отдела, врач-невролог неврологического отделения для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения с палатой реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ella A. Kovaleva Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Educational Department, Neurologist</p><p>129090, Moscow, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalevaea@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8393-5642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новиков Роман Анатольевич кандидат медицинских наук, врач-кардиолог неврологического отделения для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения с палатой реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman A. Novikov Candidate of Medical Sciences, Cardiologist </p><p>129090, Moscow, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novikovra@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петриков</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrikov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петриков Сергей Сергеевич член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, директор ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»</p><p>129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Petrikov Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</p><p>129090, Moscow, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrikovss@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научное отделение неотложной неврологии и восстановительного лечения ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Neurological Department for Patients with Acute Cerebral Circulatory Disorders with the Resuscitation and Intensive Care Unit, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>493</fpage><lpage>500</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рамазанов Г.Р., Ковалева Э.А., Новиков Р.А., Петриков С.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рамазанов Г.Р., Ковалева Э.А., Новиков Р.А., Петриков С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ramazanov G.R., Kovaleva E.A., Novikov R.A., Petrikov S.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1452">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1452</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность Частота криптогенного инсульта (КИ) составляет около 30% от всех случаев ишемических инсультов (ИИ). Пациенты с КИ представляют собой неоднородную группу больных и требуют индивидуального подхода к антитромботической терапии с целью вторичной профилактики КИ. Частота развития повторных острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения у пациентов с КИ составляет 4,5% в год, что превышает данный показатель у больных с установленным патогенетическим вариантом ИИ. Доминировавшая до недавнего времени точка зрения, предполагающая, что основной причиной КИ является пароксизмальная фибрилляция предсердий (ФП) и для вторичной профилактики ИИ у данной когорты больных оральные антикоагулянты могут быть более эффективны, чем антиагреганты, не нашла своего подтверждения. В настоящее время причинно-следственная связь между ИИ и ФП остается не до конца изученной. По всей видимости, ФП служит маркером предсердной кардиомиопатии, которая и является непосредственной причиной ИИ.Цель исследования Повышение информированности врачей-неврологов о причинах, патогенетических механизмах развития и методах диагностики ИИ у пациентов с предсердной кардиомиопатией.Материал и методы Для достижения поставленной цели были проанализированы результаты научных исследований, посвященных предсердной кардиомиопатии как фактору риска КИ. Поиск литературы проводили в электронных поисковых системах Scopus, eLibrary, PubMed по ключевым словам: ишемический инсульт, криптогенный инсульт, предсердная кардиомиопатия, патогенез ишемического инсульта. Для анализа были отобраны научные статьи, опубликованные в период с 1957 по 2021 год. 36% проанализированных работ, посвященных теме КИ, опубликованы не более 5 лет назад.Заключение Совокупность данных позволяет предположить, что фибрилляция предсердий не является единственной причиной эмболических событий у пациентов с признаками дисфункции предсердий. Предсердная кардиомиопатия может быть причиной тромбоэмболического синдрома и криптогенного инсульта, в том числе даже при отсутствии фибрилляции предсердий, следовательно, последнюю следует рассматривать как обычное проявление лежащей в ее основе предсердной кардиомиопатии. Поскольку большинство сердечных тромбов у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий формируются в левом предсердии, вполне вероятно, что больные с предсердной кардиомиопатией и криптогенным инсультом представляют группу пациентов, которым может быть показано применение антикоагулянтной терапии в качестве вторичной профилактики ишемического инсульта и системной эмболии. Однако данная гипотеза нуждается в подтверждении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background The frequency of cryptogenic stroke (CS) is about 30% of all cases of ischemic stroke (IS). Patients with CS represent a heterogeneous group of patients and require an individualized approach to antithrombotic therapy for secondary prevention. The frequency of development of repeated acute cerebrovascular events in patients with CS is 4.5% per year, which exceeds this indicator in patients with an established pathogenetic variant of IS. Until recently, the dominant point of view, suggesting that the main cause of CS is paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and for the secondary prevention of IS in this cohort of patients, oral anticoagulants may be more effective than antiplatelet agents, has not been confirmed. The causal relationship between IS and AF is currently not fully understood. Apparently, AF serves as a marker of atrial cardiomyopathy, which is the direct cause of IS.Aim of study Raising the awareness of neurologists about the causes, pathogenetic mechanisms of development and methods for diagnosing IS in patients with atrial cardiomyopathy.Material and methods To achieve this aim, the results of scientific studies on atrial cardiomyopathy as a risk factor for CS were analyzed. The literature search was carried out in electronic search systems Scopus, eLibrary, PubMed using the keywords: ischemic stroke, cryptogenic stroke, atrial cardiomyopathy, pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Scientific articles published between 1957 and 2021 were selected to be analyzed. And 36% of the analyzed papers on the topic of CS were published no more than 5 years ago.Conclusion The cumulative evidence suggests that atrial fibrillation is not the only cause of embolic events in patients with evidence of atrial dysfunction. Atrial cardiomyopathy can be the cause of thromboembolic syndrome and cryptogenic stroke, even in the absence of atrial fibrillation, therefore, the latter should be considered as a common manifestation of the underlying atrial cardiomyopathy. Since the majority of cardiac thrombi in patients with atrial fibrillation originate in the left atrium, it is likely that patients with atrial cardiomyopathy and cryptogenic stroke represent a group of patients who may be indicated for anticoagulant therapy as a secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism. However, this hypothesis needs to be confirmed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>криптогенный инсульт</kwd><kwd>предсердная кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>патогенез ишемического инсульта</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>cryptogenic stroke</kwd><kwd>atrial cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis of ischemic stroke</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hart RG, Catanese L, Perera KS, Ntaios G, Connolly SJ. Embolic stroke of undetermined source: a systematic review and clinical update. Stroke. 2017;48(4):867–872. PMID:28265016 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.016414</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hart RG, Catanese L, Perera KS, Ntaios G, Connolly SJ. Embolic stroke of undetermined source: a systematic review and clinical update. Stroke. 2017;48(4):867–872. 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