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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2022-11-2-249-257</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-1409</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лечение острых отравлений парацетамолом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the Treatment of Acute Poisoning With Paracetamol</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-1068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симонова Анастасия Юрьевна, кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia Yu. Simonova, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Department of Acute Poisonings and Somatopsychiatric Disorders</p><p>3, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation</p><p>3, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">simonovatoxy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-8663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поцхверия</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potskhveriya</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поцхверия Михаил Михайлович кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий научным отделением острых отравлений и соматопсихиатрических расстройств; доценткафедры клинической токсикологии</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p><p>Российская Федерация, 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Potskhveriya - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Scientific Department of Acute Poisonings and Somatopsychiatric Disorders; Associate Professor at the Department of Clinical Toxicology</p><p>3, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation</p><p>3, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation</p><p>2/1 b. 1, Barrikadnaya Str., Moscow, 123242, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">potskhveriya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0861-5945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белова Мария Владимировна - доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения острых отравлений и соматопсихиатрических расстройств; доцент кафедры клинической токсикологии</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p><p>Российская Федерация, 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Belova - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Department of Acute Poisonings and Somatopsychiatric Disorders; Associate Professor at the Department of Clinical Toxicology</p><p>3, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation</p><p>2/1 b. 1, Barrikadnaya Str., Moscow, 123242, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maniabel@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-8961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильяшенко</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyashenko</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильяшенко Капиталина Константиновна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, научный консультант отделения острых отравлений и соматопсихиатрических расстройств</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kapitalina K. Ilyashenko - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Consultant of the Department of Acute Poisonings and Somatopsychiatric Disorders</p><p>3, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation</p><p>3, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">toxikapa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-7038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулабухов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulabuhov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулабухов Владимир Витальевич - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Kulabukhov - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Docent, Leading Researcher</p><p>3, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kulabuhovvv@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-0560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столбова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolbova</surname><given-names>N. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Столбова Наталья Евгеньевна - заведующая отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии для экстренной детоксикации</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Y. Stolbova - Head of the Intensive Care Unit for Emergency Detoxication for Emergency Detoxcation</p><p>3, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stolbovane@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3086-4972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyuev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клюев Александр Евгеньевич - кандидат фармацевтических наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения острых отравлений и соматопсихиатрических расстройств</p><p>Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr Y. Klyuyev - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher</p><p>3, B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">xtlsklif@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Отделение острых отравлений ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; ФГБУ «Научно-практический токсикологический центр ФМБА России»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Acute Poisonings and Somatopsychiatric Disorders  N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Scientific and Practical Toxicology Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Отделение острых отравлений ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; ФГБУ «Научно-практический токсикологический центр ФМБА России»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» МЗ РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Acute Poisonings and Somatopsychiatric Disorders  N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Scientific and Practical Toxicology Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Отделение острых отравлений ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» МЗ РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Acute Poisonings and Somatopsychiatric Disorders  N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Отделение острых отравлений ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Acute Poisonings and Somatopsychiatric Disorders  N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>249</fpage><lpage>257</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симонова А.Ю., Поцхверия М.М., Белова М.В., Ильяшенко К.К., Кулабухов В.В., Столбова Н.Е., Клюев А.Е., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симонова А.Ю., Поцхверия М.М., Белова М.В., Ильяшенко К.К., Кулабухов В.В., Столбова Н.Е., Клюев А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simonova A.Y., Potskhveriya M.M., Belova M.V., Ilyashenko K.K., Kulabuhov V.V., Stolbova N.Y., Klyuev A.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1409">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1409</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ В настоящее время, несмотря на оптимизацию методов диагностики с целью прогноза развития поражения печени и совершенствование протоколов лечения, отравление парацетамолом представляет серьезную проблему в медицине, являясь наиболее частой причиной острой печеночной недостаточности во всем мире.</p><p>ЦЕЛЬ Определить показания к применению ацетилцистеина (АЦЦ) при отравлениях парацетамолом и оценить эффективность 21-часового протокола его введения.</p><p>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ Обследованы 20 пациентов с острым отравлением парацетамолом (15 женщин и 5 мужчин), медиана возраста — 21,5 (19,8–32,3) года. Была проведена оценка уровня аланин- (АЛТ) и аспар­татаминотрансфераз (АСТ) в крови на протяжении всего периода нахождения в стационаре, временного диапазона от момента приема парацетамола до госпитализации в стационар и начала введения ацетилцистеина (АЦЦ), концентрации парацетамола в крови и летальности. По уровню АЛТ и АСТ в крови пациенты были разделены на две группы: I группу составили 14 больных, у которых концентрация АЛТ и АСТ в течение всего периода наблюдения не превышала 50 Ед/л; у пациентов II группы (6 больных) отмечали увеличение уровня АЛТ и АСТ в крови более 50 Ед/л. Для оценки риска поражения печени использовали номограмму Рамэка–Мэтью 150. Для сравнения концентрации парацетамола в крови больных был рассчитан индекс парацетамола.</p><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Выявлено, что у 10 пациентов с высоким риском поражения печени, которым в комплекс лечения входило применение 21-часовой схемы введения АЦЦ, гепатотоксический эффект отсутствовал. Использование АЦЦ по 21-часовому протоколу при исходно повышенных уровнях АЛТ и АСТ более 50 Ед/л (n=4) (25%) привело к быстрой положительной динамике лабораторных и клинических показателей. У 2 пациентов, несмотря на введение АЦЦ, наблюдали развитие поражения печени. При этом уровень парацетамола в крови у них был в 6,6 и 10,6 раза выше «лечебной» линии номограммы, а время от момента приема препарата до начала введения АЦЦ составило соответственно 8 и 20 часов. Факторами высокого риска развития гепатотоксического эффекта при отравлении парацетамолом являются: временной диапазон от момента приема препарата до начала введения АЦЦ и величина индекса парацетамола.</p><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Показанием к применению ацетилцистеина при острых отравлениях парацетамолом является высокий риск поражения печени. Его критериями служат высокие дозы принятого парацетамола, повышенные концентрации АЛТ и АСТ при поступлении больных в стационар, при наличии возможности определения концентрации парацетамола в крови — увеличение величины индекса парацетамола более 1. Применение 21-часового протокола внутривенного введения ацетилцистеина эффективно при отравлении парацетамолом и раннее его использование в комплексе лечения практически всегда предотвращает развитие острой печеночной недостаточности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>BACKGROUND Currently, despite the optimization of diagnostic methods in order to predict the development of liver damage, improvement of treatment protocols, paracetamol poisoning is a serious problem in medicine, being the most common cause of acute liver failure worldwide.</p><p>AIM OF STUDY To determine the indications for the use of acetylcysteine in paracetamol poisoning and evaluate the effectiveness of the 21-hour protocol for its administration.</p><p>MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 20 patients with acute paracetamol poisoning (15 women and 5 men), the median age was 21.5 (19.8–32.3) years. ALT and AST were assessed during the entire period of stay in the hospital, the time period from the moment of taking paracetamol to hospitalization and the beginning of the administration of ACC, the concentration of paracetamol in the blood, and mortality. According to the level of ALT and AST in the blood, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I consisted of 14 patients, in whom the concentration of ALT and AST during the entire observation period did not exceed 50 U/L; in Group II (6 patients), an increase in the level of ALT and AST in the blood of more than 50 U/L was observed. To assess the risk of liver lesion, the Rumack-Matthew nomogram was used. To compare the concentrations of paracetamol in the blood of patients, the paracetamol index was used.</p><p>RESULTS It was found that in 10 patients with a high risk of liver damage, who were treated with a 21-hour regimen of ACC administration, no hepatotoxic effect was found. The use of ACC according to a 21-hour protocol in patients with initially elevated ALT and AST levels of more than 50 U/L (n = 4) (25%) led to a rapid positive dynamics of laboratory and clinical parameters. It was found that in 2 patients, despite the introduction of ACC, the development of liver damage was observed. At the same time, the level of paracetamol in their blood was 6.6 and 10.6 fold higher than the “therapeutic” line of the nomogram, and the time from the moment of taking the drug to the beginning of the administration of ACC was 8 and 20 hours. High risk factors for the development of hepatotoxic effect in case of paracetamol poisoning are the time range from the moment of taking the drug to the beginning of the administration of ACC and the value of the paracetamol index.</p><p>CONCLUSION Indications for the use of acetylcysteine in acute poisoning with paracetamol is a high risk of liver damage. Its criteria are high doses, increased concentrations of ALT and AST when patients are admitted to the hospital; if it is possible to determine the concentration of paracetamol in the blood, an increase in the value of the paracetamol index is more than 1. The use of a 21-hour protocol of intravenous administration of acetylcysteine is effective in case of paracetamol poisoning and its early use in the complex of treatment almost always prevents the development of acute liver failure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отравление парацетамолом</kwd><kwd>лечение отравления парацетамолом</kwd><kwd>ацетилцистеин</kwd><kwd>антидотная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>paracetamol poisoning</kwd><kwd>treatment of paracetamol poisoning</kwd><kwd>acetylcysteine</kwd><kwd>antidote therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casey D, Geulayov G, Bale E, Brand F, Clements C, Kapur N, et al. Paracetamol self-poisoning: Epidemiological study of trends and patient characteristics from the multicentre study of self-harm in England. J Affect Disord. 2020;276:699–706. 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