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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-3-484-492</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-1211</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тромбэктомия у пациентов с тромбозом базилярной артерии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thrombectomy in patients with basilar artery thrombosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-4114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанов</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramazanov</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий научным отделением неотложной неврологии и восстановительного лечения </p><p> Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Scientific Department of Emergency Neurology and Rehabilitation Treatment</p><p> 3 B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ramazanovgr@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-1417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат медицинских наук, врач-невролог неврологического отделения для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения </p><p> Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>andidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Educational Department, Neurologist of the Neurological Department for Patients with Acute Cerebral Circulation Disorders with the Reanimation and Intensive Care Unit</p><p> 3 B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalevaea@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3349-0451</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клычникова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klychnikova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая клинико-биохимической лабораторией экстренных методов исследования </p><p> Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Clinical and Biochemical Laboratory of Emergency Research Methods</p><p> 3 B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klychnikovaev@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-3692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коков</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokov</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделом неотложной кардиологии и сердечно-сосудистой хирургии </p><p> Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery</p><p> 3 B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kokovls@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-592X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коригова</surname><given-names>Х. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korigova</surname><given-names>H. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог неврологического отделения для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения с палатой реанимации и интенсивной терапии </p><p> Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist of the Neurological Department for Patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Events with the RICU</p><p> 3 B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khadi.korigova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5430-8524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муслимов</surname><given-names>Р. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muslimov</surname><given-names>R. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики </p><p> Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Department of Diagnostic Radiology</p><p> 3 B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abaevr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-6880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пархоменко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parkhomenko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий отделением рентгенхирургических методов диагностики и лечения </p><p> Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of X-ray Surgical Methods of Diagnostics and Treatment</p><p> 3 B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">parhomenkomv@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петриков</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrikov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, директор</p><p> Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director</p><p> 3 B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrikovss@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-8054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий отделением рентгеновской компьютерной томографии</p><p> Российская Федерация, 129090, Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of X-ray Computed Tomography</p><p> 3 B. Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepanovvn@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>484</fpage><lpage>492</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рамазанов Г.Р., Ковалева Э.А., Клычникова Е.В., Коков Л.С., Коригова Х.В., Муслимов Р.Ш., Пархоменко М.В., Петриков С.С., Степанов В.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рамазанов Г.Р., Ковалева Э.А., Клычникова Е.В., Коков Л.С., Коригова Х.В., Муслимов Р.Ш., Пархоменко М.В., Петриков С.С., Степанов В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ramazanov G.R., Kovaleva E.A., Klychnikova E.V., Kokov L.S., Korigova H.V., Muslimov R.S., Parkhomenko M.V., Petrikov S.S., Stepanov V.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1211">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1211</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Данная статья посвящена обсуждению жизнеугрожающего состояния – тромбозу базилярной артерии (ТБА). В статье представлены результаты сравнительного анализа двух групп пациентов с ангиографически подтвержденным ТБА: с проведенной реперфузионной терапией и без нее.</p></sec><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Тромбоз базилярной артерии — жизнеугрожающее состояние, при котором летальность может достигать 95%, а грубый неврологический дефицит и зависимость в повседневной жизни от окружающих (модифицированная шкала Рэнкина, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), 4–5 баллов) наблюдают у 65% выживших пациентов. Ишемический инсульт (ИИ) по причине ТБА диагностируют у 1–4% больных с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК). В настоящее время реперфузионная терапия (РТ) в виде системной тромболитической терапии (сТЛТ) при помощи rt-PA и/или тромбэктомии (ТЭ) является единственным эффективным и безопасным методом лечения пациентов с ИИ. В рандомизированных исследованиях установлено, что РТ, будь то сТЛТ, ТЭ или комбинация данных методик, несмотря на лучшую степень функционального восстановления у пациентов к 90-м суткам от начала заболевания, не приводит к статистически значимому снижению летальности. Тем не менее результаты 10 проспективных исследований применения эндоваскулярного лечения у пациентов с ИИ в заднем бассейне указывают на то, что данный вид терапии при условии достижения успешной реканализации (mTICI (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction), 2–b–3) приводит к снижению 90-дневной летальности с 95% до 16–47%.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить безопасность и эффективность выполнения ТЭ у пациентов с ТБА.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В данное исследование включили 15 пациентов с ИИ, поступивших в пределах 6-часового терапевтического окна, и подтвержденным по данным КТ- и/или МР-ангиографии ТБА. Исходный уровень бодрствования оценивали по шкале комы Глазго (ШКГ), тяжесть неврологического дефицита — по шкале National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Тромбэктомия из базилярной артерии была выполнена 7 пациентам (группа эндоваскулярного лечения), 8 пациентам эндоваскулярное лечение проведено не было (группа стандартной терапии). Хорошие клинические исходы к 90-м суткам от начала заболевания (mRS, 0–2 балла) отмечены у 57,1% пациентов группы эндоваскулярного лечения и у 12,5% пациентов группы стандартной терапии. Однако эти различия были статистически не значимы (р&gt;0,05). Также не было выявлено различий между двумя группами по функциональным исходам и индексу мобильности Ривермид (RMI) к 90-м суткам от начала заболевания (индекс активности повседневной жизни Бартела (BI) 97±5,0 балла и 100 баллов, RMI 14,0±0,0 балла и 15 баллов в группе эндоваскулярного лечения и группе стандартной терапии, соответственно). Летальность к 90-м суткам в группе эндоваскулярного лечения составила 42,9% (3 пациента), в группе стандартной терапии — 87,5% (7 пациентов). В подгруппе пациентов с оценкой по ШКГ при поступлении не более 8 баллов выявлена статистически значимая сильная двусторонняя отрицательная корреляция между выполнением ТЭ и летальностью (r=-1,0; p=0,000), а также положительная корреляция между ТЭ и баллом по шкале Рэнкина к 90-м суткам (r=0,956; p=0,003). Летальность была статистически значимо ниже в группе эндоваскулярного лечения по сравнению с группой стандартной терапии (0% против 100% соответственно, р=0,025). Клинические исходы заболевания к 90-м суткам были статистически значимо лучше в группе эндоваскулярного лечения: mRS, 0–2 балла в 100% случаев против 0% в группе стандартного лечения (р=0,028).</p><p>Выводы В настоящее время единственным эффективным методом лечения тромбоза базилярной артерии является тромбэктомия. Возможность выполнения тромбэктомии в этих случаях необходимо рассмотреть у всех пациентов независимо от тяжести инсульта и снижения уровня бодрствования, так как эндоваскулярное лечение в данном случае является жизнеспасающей процедурой. Симптом гиперденсивной базилярной артерии может быть использован как диагностический инструмент при подозрении на тромбоз базилярной артерии, но не должен исключать выполнения ангиографии. В нашей серии наблюдений летальность у пациентов, которым выполняли тромбэктомии, составила 42,9%. Хорошие функциональные исходы (mRS, 0–2 балла) и отсутствие ограничений подвижности (RMI, 14 баллов) к 90-м суткам после тромбэктомии наблюдали у 57,1% пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This article is devoted to the discussion of a life-threatening condition - basilar artery thrombosis (BAT). The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of two groups of patients with angiographically confirmed BAT: with and without reperfusion therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Basilar artery thrombosis is a life-threatening condition in which mortality can reach 95%, and severe neurological deficits and dependence in everyday life on others (modified Ran-kin Scale (mRS), score 4–5) are observed in 65% of surviving patients. Ischemic stroke (IS) due to BAT is diagnosed in 1–4% of patients with acute cerebrovascular event (ACVE). Currently, reperfusion therapy (RT) in the form of systemic thrombolytic therapy (sTLT) with rt-PA and/or thrombectomy (TE) is the only effective and safe method for treating patients with IS. In randomized trials, it was found that RT, whether it is sTLT, TE or a combination of these techniques, despite the best degree of functional recovery in patients by day 90 from the onset of the disease, does not lead to a statistically significant decrease in mortality. Nevertheless, the results of 10 prospective studies of the use of endovascular treatment in patients with IS in the posterior circulation system indicate that this type of therapy leads to a decrease in 90-day mortality from 95% to 16–47% in case of successful recanalization (mTICI (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction), 2–b–3).</p></sec><sec><title>Aim of study</title><p>Aim of study. To assess the safety and efficacy of TE in patients with BAT.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This study included 15 patients with IS, admitted within the 6-hour therapeutic window, and confirmed BAT by CT and/or MRangiography. The baseline level of wakefulness was assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and the severity of neurological deficit was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Basilar artery thrombectomy was performed in 7 patients (endovascular treatment group), 8 patients received no endovascular treatment (standard therapy group). Good clinical outcomes by day 90 from the onset of the disease (mRS, score 0–2) were observed in 57.1% of patients in the endovascular treatment group and in 12.5% of patients in the standard therapy group. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). There were also no differences between the two groups in functional outcomes and Rivermead mobility index (RMI) by day 90 from the onset of the disease (Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (BI) score 97±5.0 and 100, RMI score 14.0±0.0 and 15 in the endovascular treatment group and standard therapy group, respectively). Mortality by day 90 in the endovascular treatment group was 42.9% (3 patients), in the standard therapy group — 87.5% (7 patients). In the subgroup of patients with GCS score at admission no more than score 8, there was a statistically significant strong two-way negative correlation between TE performance and mortality (r=-1.0; p=0.000), as well as a positive correlation between TE and a Rankine score by day 90 (r=0.956; p=0.003). Mortality was statistically significantly lower in the endovascular treatment group compared to the standard therapy group (0% versus 100%, respectively, p=0.025). Clinical outcomes of the disease by day 90 were statistically significantly better in the endovascular treatment group: mRS, score 0–2 in 100% of cases versus 0% in the standard treatment group (p=0.028).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Currently, the only effective treatment for basilar artery thrombosis is thrombectomy. The possibility of performing thromboectomy in these cases should be considered in all patients, regardless of the severity of the stroke and the decrease in the level of wakefulness, since endovascular treatment in this case is a life-saving procedure. The symptom of a hyperdense basilar artery can be used as a diagnostic tool for suspected basilar artery thrombosis, but should not rule out angiography. In our series of observations, the mortality rate in patients who underwent thrombectomy was 42.9%. Good functional outcomes (mRS, score 0–2) and the absence mobility limitation (RMI, score 14) were observed in 57.1% of patients by day 90 after thrombectomy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром системного воспалительного ответа (ССВО)</kwd><kwd>ксенон</kwd><kwd>нейтрофилы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)</kwd><kwd>xenon</kwd><kwd>neutrophils</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lohse A, Preul C, Witte OW, Isenmann S. Clinical Diagnostics, Therapy and Outcome After Basilar Artery Thrombosis. Open Crit Care Med J. 2011;4(1):28–34. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874828701104010028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lohse A, Preul C, Witte OW, Isenmann S. Clinical Diagnostics, Therapy and Outcome After Basilar Artery Thrombosis. 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