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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-2-259-267</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-1153</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВОЕ О COVID-19</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW ABOUT COVID-19</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нарушение обмена железа — универсальный патогенетический фактор в поражении органов и систем при COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Disorder of Iron Metabolism as a Universal Pathogenetic Factor in Damage to Organs and Systems in Covid-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-2652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шикалова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikalova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела клинической токсикологии,</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Clinical Toxicology,</p><p>3A Budapeshtskaya St., St. Petersburg 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shikalova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0340-4110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вознюк</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voznyuk</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, главный внештатный специалист-невролог Комитета по Здравоохранению Санкт-Петербурга, заместитель директора по научной работе, 192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А;</p><p>профессор кафедры нервных болезней, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Chief External Specialist-Neurologist of the Health Committee for Healthcare of St. Petersburg, Chief Deputy Director for Science, 3A Budapeshtskaya St., St. Petersburg 192242;</p><p>Professor of the Department of Nervous Diseases, 6 Akademika Lebedeva St., St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voznjouk@emergency.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-2906</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лодягин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lodyagin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, руководитель отдела клинической токсикологии, 192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А;</p><p>главный внештатный специалист-токсиколог Министерства здравоохранения РФ Северо-Западного федерального округа, главный внештатный специалисттоксиколог Комитета по здравоохранению Санкт-Петербурга</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Toxicology,</p><p>Chief Exernal Toxicologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of the North-West Federal District, Chief External Toxicologist of the Health Committee of St. Petersburg,</p><p>3A Budapeshtskaya St., St. Petersburg 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alodyagin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4954-8977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батоцыренов</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batotsyrenov</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела клинической токсикологии,</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Department of Clinical Toxicology,</p><p>3A Budapeshtskaya St., St. Petersburg 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bbair@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7170-1742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeyeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог 1-й категории, заведующая отделением анестезиологии, реанимации и интенсивной терапии,</p><p>196602, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, Госпитальная ул., д. 7/2, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anesthesiologist-intensivist of the 1st category, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care,</p><p>7/2 Gospitalnaya St., Pushkin 196602</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadyatrof76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-4516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пивоварова</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pivovarova</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела лабораторной диагностики,</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics of the State Budgetary Institution,</p><p>3A Budapeshtskaya St., St. Petersburg 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pivovaroval@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-9111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела лабораторной диагностики,</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics,</p><p>3A Budapeshtskaya St., St. Petersburg 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivosipova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9753-9157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части,</p><p>196602, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, Госпитальная ул., д. 7/2, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Chief Physician for the Medical Department of St. Petersburg,</p><p>7/2 Gospitalnaya St., Pushkin 196602</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polyakov-62@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6311-1259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арискина</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ariskina</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник отдела лабораторной диагностики,</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anesthesiologist and resuscitator,</p><p>3A Budapeshtskaya St., St. Petersburg 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.ariskina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-0961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог,</p><p>196602, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, Госпитальная ул., д. 7/2, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Researcher, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics,</p><p>7/2 Gospitalnaya St., Pushkin 196602</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisenkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-3705</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рысев</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rysev</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-гематолог скорой медицинской помощи,</p><p>192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hematologist of Emergency Medical Services,</p><p>3A Budapeshtskaya St., St. Petersburg 192242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rysevszgmu@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.I. Dzhanelidze St. Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»;&#13;
ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.I. Dzhanelidze St. Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine;&#13;
S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская больница № 38 им. Н.А. Семашко»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.А. Semashko Saint Petersburg City Hospital No. 38<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>259</fpage><lpage>267</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шикалова И.А., Вознюк И.А., Лодягин А.Н., Батоцыренов Б.В., Тимофеева Н.В., Пивоварова Л.П., Осипова И.В., Поляков И.А., Арискина О.Б., Борисенко А.Н., Рысев Г.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шикалова И.А., Вознюк И.А., Лодягин А.Н., Батоцыренов Б.В., Тимофеева Н.В., Пивоварова Л.П., Осипова И.В., Поляков И.А., Арискина О.Б., Борисенко А.Н., Рысев Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shikalova I.A., Voznyuk I.A., Lodyagin A.N., Batotsyrenov B.V., Timofeyeva N.V., Pivovarova L.P., Osipova I.V., Polyakov I.A., Ariskina O.B., Borisenko A.N., Rysev G.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1153">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1153</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Вопрос патогенеза COVID-19 остается одним из самых актуальных. В литературе обсуждается роль железа в качестве фактора, поддерживающего воспалительные процессы, гиперкоагуляцию и кризис микроциркуляции при тяжелом течении COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Выявление изменений показателей обмена железа у больных с тяжелым течением COVID-19 и гиперферритинемией.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В настоящем исследовании использованы контент-анализ имеющихся научных публикаций и собственные наблюдения за особенностями клинической картины и лабораторных параметров у пациентов с тяжелым течением COVID-19, имевших гиперферритинемию в период наибольших проявлений заболевания. Основная группа состояла из 30 пациентов, госпитализированных в отделение анестезиологии, реанимации и интенсивной терапии СПб ГБУЗ «Городская больница № 38 им. Н.А. Семашко» с диагнозом «COVID-19, двусторонняя полисегментарная пневмония, тяжелое течение» и гиперферритинемией. Диагноз новой коронавирусной инфекции подтверждался визуализацией двустороннего вирусного поражения легких при компьютерной томографии грудной клетки, положительным ПЦР-тестом на SARS-CoV-2 и наличием иммуноглобулинов к SARS-CoV-2. Группу сравнения составили 20 здоровых добровольцев. В работе дана оценка биохимических показателей обмена железа, фибринолиза и маркеров воспаления. Изменения, связанные с нарушением обмена железа, оценивали по уровню сывороточного железа, трансферрина, суточной и индуцированной экскреции железа с мочой. Статистическую обработку осуществляли с помощью непараметрических методов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У всех пациентов с тяжелым течением COVID-19 и гиперферритинемией отмечались статистически значимые признаки нарушения метаболизма железа, воспаления и фибринолиза — снижение уровня сывороточного трансферрина (p&lt;0,001), железа (p&gt;&lt;0,005) и альбумина (p&gt;&lt;0,001), лимфоцитов (p&gt;&lt;0,001) в крови, повышение содержания в ней лейкоцитов (p&gt;&lt;0,001), нейтрофилов (p&gt;&lt;0,001), СРБ (p&gt;&lt;0,005), ИЛ-6 (p&gt;&lt;0,001), D-димера (p&gt;&lt;0,005), а также увеличение суточной (p&gt;&lt;0,005) и индуцированной экскреции железа с мочой (p&gt;&lt;0,001). заключение Проведенное исследование показало, что в патогенезе тяжелого течения COVID-19 имеет место нарушение метаболизма железа и наличие свободной фракции железа. Появление свободного железа может быть вызвано повреждением клеток с высвобождением железа из цитохромов, миоглобина, гемоглобина либо нарушением процессов связывания железа с трансферрином, что может быть результатом изменения структуры белка или нарушением процесса окисления железа в трехвалентное состояние. При оценке степени вирусного влияния на организм следует учитывать и влияние различных регуляторов метаболизма железа, а также оценку уровня свободного, не связанного с трансферрином железа. Ключевые слова: новая коронавирусная инфекция, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, обмен железа, свободное железо, ферритин, трансферрин, NTBI, nontransferrin bound iron&gt;˂0,001), железа (p˂0,005) и альбумина (p˂0,001), лимфоцитов (p˂0,001) в крови, повышение содержания в ней лейкоцитов (p˂0,001), нейтрофилов (p˂0,001), СРБ (p˂0,005), ИЛ-6 (p˂0,001), D-димера (p˂0,005), а также увеличение суточной (p0,005) и индуцированной экскреции железа с мочой (p˂0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведенное исследование показало, что в патогенезе тяжелого течения COVID-19 имеет место нарушение метаболизма железа и наличие свободной фракции железа. Появление свободного железа может быть вызвано повреждением клеток с высвобождением железа из цитохромов, миоглобина, гемоглобина либо нарушением процессов связывания железа с трансферрином, что может быть результатом изменения структуры белка или нарушением процесса окисления железа в трехвалентное состояние. При оценке степени вирусного влияния на организм следует учитывать и влияние различных регуляторов метаболизма железа, а также оценку уровня свободного, не связанного с трансферрином железа. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 remains one of the most pressing. The literature discusses the role of iron as a factor supporting inflammatory processes, hypercoagulability and microcirculation crisis in severe COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of study</title><p>The aim of study. was to identify changes in iron metabolism in patients with severe COVID-19 and hyperferritinemia.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. In this study, we used a content analysis of available scientific publications and our own observations of the peculiarities of the clinical picture and laboratory parameters in patients with a severe course of COVID-19 who had hyperferretinemia at the height of the disease. The main group consisted of 30 patients hospitalized in the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care of N.A. Semashko City clinical Hospital No. 38 with the diagnosis COVID-19, bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, severe course and hyperferritinemia. The diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection was confirmed by visualization of bilateral viral lung lesions with chest CT-scan, positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and the presence of immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers. The study evaluated the biochemical parameters of iron metabolism, fibrinolysis and markers of inflammation. Changes associated with impaired iron metabolism were assessed by the level of serum iron, transferrin, daily and induced iron excretion in the urine. Statistical processing was carried out using nonparametric methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. All patients with severe COVID-19 and hyperferritinemia showed signs of impaired iron metabolism, inflammation and fibrinolysis — a decrease in the level of transferrin (p&lt;0.001), serum iron (p&gt;&lt;0.005), albumin (p&gt;&lt;0.001), lymphocytes (p&gt;&lt;0.001) and an increase in leukocytes (p&gt;&lt;0.001), neutrophils (p&gt;&lt;0.001), CRP (p&gt;&lt;0.005), IL-6 (p&gt;&lt;0.001), D-dimer (p&gt;&lt;0.005), daily urinary iron excretion (p&gt;&lt;0.005) and induced urinary iron excretion (p&gt;&lt;0.001). Conclusions The study showed that in the pathogenesis of the severe course of COVID-19, there is a violation of iron metabolism and the presence of a free iron fraction. The appearance of free iron can be caused by damage to cells with the “release” of iron from cytochromes, myoglobin, hemoglobin, or violation of the binding of iron to transferrin, which may be the result of a change in the protein structure or violation of the oxidation of iron to the trivalent state. When assessing the degree of viral effect on the body, one should take into account the effect of various regulators of iron metabolism, as well as an assessment of the level of free iron not associated with transferrin. Keywords: new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, iron metabolism, free iron, ferritin, transferrin, NTBI, nontransferrin bound iron&gt;˂0.001), serum iron (p˂0.005), albumin (p˂0.001), lymphocytes (p˂0.001) and an increase in leukocytes (p˂0.001), neutrophils (p˂0.001), CRP (p˂0.005), IL-6 (p˂0.001), D-dimer (p˂0.005), daily urinary iron excretion (p˂0.005) and induced urinary iron excretion (p˂0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The study showed that in the pathogenesis of the severe course of COVID-19, there is a violation of iron metabolism and the presence of a free iron fraction. The appearance of free iron can be caused by damage to cells with the “release” of iron from cytochromes, myoglobin, hemoglobin, or violation of the binding of iron to transferrin, which may be the result of a change in the protein structure or violation of the oxidation of iron to the trivalent state. When assessing the degree of viral effect on the body, one should take into account the effect of various regulators of iron metabolism, as well as an assessment of the level of free iron not associated with transferrin. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>обмен железа</kwd><kwd>свободное железо</kwd><kwd>ферритин</kwd><kwd>трансферрин</kwd><kwd>NTBI</kwd><kwd>nontransferrin bound iron</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>new coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>iron metabolism</kwd><kwd>free iron</kwd><kwd>ferritin</kwd><kwd>transferrin</kwd><kwd>NTBI</kwd><kwd>nontransferrin bound iron</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henry BM, Santos de Oliveira MH, Benoit S, Plebani M, Lippi G. 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