<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9022</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-1-91-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nmp-1077</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЕ СООБЩЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRELIMINARY REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Шкала комы Глазго (Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS): лингвокультурная адаптация русскоязычной версии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Glasgow Coma Scale: Linguistic-Cultural Adaptation of the Russian Version</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор </p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">piradov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, член­-корреспондент РАН, главный научный сотрудник отделения нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии </p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Department of Neurorehabilitation and Physiotherapy</p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nasu2709@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-9983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябинкина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabinkina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения анестезиологии-­реанимации с палатами реанимации и интенсивной терапии </p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation with Intensive Care Units</p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryabinkina11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-3388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гнедовская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gnedovskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научно-организационной работе и развитию </p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director for Scientific and Organizational Work and Development </p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gnedovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-4350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог научно-консультативного отделения, аспирант </p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80</p><p>Российская Федерация, 119191, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist of the Scientific Consultative Department, postgraduate student </p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p><p>1 Leninskiye gory, Moscow, 119191, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-9112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупова</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupova</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник отделения нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии </p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Junior Researcher at the Department of Neurorehabilitation and Physiotherapy</p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-2870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат педагогических наук, научный сотрудник отделения нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии</p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Researcher, Department of Neurorehabilitation and Physiotherapy</p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leha-zimin@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-6687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Легостаева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Legostaeva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник отделения нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии</p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Junior Researcher, Department of Neurorehabilitation and Physiotherapy</p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">milalegostaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0382-7719</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Язева</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yazeva</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог, лаборант-исследователь отделения анестезиологии-реанимации с палатами реанимации и интенсивной терапии </p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist, Laboratory Researcher of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscita­tion with Intensive Care Units</p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lizaveta.mochalova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-3737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник отделения нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии</p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Junior Researcher, Department of Neurorehabilitation and Physiotherapy</p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakulinilya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-3070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, доцент Института лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации</p><p>Российская Федерация, 119048, Москва, Трубецкая ул., д. 8, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor of the Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education</p><p>8, bldg. 2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abzaitsev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-5947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полехина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polekhina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог  </p><p>Российская Федерация, 123365, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist</p><p>80 Volokolamskoye Hwy, Moscow, 123365, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nataliapole@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бундхун</surname><given-names>П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bundhun</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> ординатор Российская Федерация, 117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b_prat_3387@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамчандани</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramchandani</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор  Российская Федерация, 117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">missmenisha@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-789X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саморуков</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samorukov</surname><given-names>V. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением анестезиологии-реанимации </p><p>Российская Федерация, 125284, Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д. д. 5 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation No. 35</p><p>5 2nd Botkinsky proyezd, Moscow, 125284, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vsamorukov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домашенко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Domashenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, главный врач</p><p>Российская Федерация, 455023, Челябинская обл., Магнитогорск, ул. Набережная, д. 18/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Candidate of Medical Sciences, Chief Physician of Central Clinical Medical and Sanitary Unit</p><p>18/9 Naberezhnaya St., Chelyabinsk region, Magnitogorsk, 455023, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mdomashenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific Center of Neurology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific Center of Neurology;&#13;
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» МЗ РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru">АНО «Центральная клиническая медико-санитарная часть»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Medical and Sanitary Unit<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пирадов М.А., Супонева Н.А., Рябинкина Ю.В., Гнедовская Е.В., Ильина К.А., Юсупова Д.Г., Зимин А.А., Легостаева Л.А., Язева Е.Г., Бакулин И.С., Зайцев А.Б., Полехина Н.В., Бундхун П., Рамчандани Н.М., Саморуков В.Ю., Домашенко М.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пирадов М.А., Супонева Н.А., Рябинкина Ю.В., Гнедовская Е.В., Ильина К.А., Юсупова Д.Г., Зимин А.А., Легостаева Л.А., Язева Е.Г., Бакулин И.С., Зайцев А.Б., Полехина Н.В., Бундхун П., Рамчандани Н.М., Саморуков В.Ю., Домашенко М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Piradov M.A., Suponeva N.A., Ryabinkina Y.V., Gnedovskaya E.V., Ilyina K.A., Yusupova D.G., Zimin A.A., Legostaeva L.A., Yazeva E.G., Bakulin I.S., Zaitsev A.B., Polekhina N.V., Bundhun P., Ramchandani N.M., Samorukov V.Y., Domashenko M.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1077">https://www.jnmp.ru/jour/article/view/1077</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ Определение степени угнетения сознания у пациентов с поражением головного мозга при поступлении в отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии является первоочередной задачей. С целью проведения быстрой и при этом достаточно полной такого рода оценки в 1974 г. нейрохирургами из Университета Глазго Graham Teasdale и Bryan Jennett был разработан алгоритм, состоящий из последовательной серии тестов в виде открывания глаз, речевого и двигательного ответов, получившего названия “Glasgow Coma Scale” («Шкала комы Глазго»). Эта шкала получила мировое признание и в течение многих десятилетий является основной для определения состояния сознания у наиболее тяжелых больных с поражением мозга. Отсутствие валидированной версии (англ., validation — тестирование информационного продукта на пригодность) данной шкалы затрудняет ее применение в России, а использование доступных в настоящее время версий, не прошедших все необходимые этапы валидации, искажает первоначально заложенный смысл шкалы и не позволяет получать достоверные клинические результаты при обследовании пациентов с острыми нарушениями сознания.</p><p>ЦЕЛЬ Разработка официальной русскоязычной версии  Шкалы комы Глазго с учетом языковых и культурных  особенностей (1­й этап валидационного исследования). </p><p>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ Сотрудниками Центра валидации международных шкал и опросников ФГБНУ НЦН получено согласие G. Teasdale на проведение валидации Шкалы комы Глазго в России. Двумя русскоязычными профессиональными дипломированными переводчиками в  сфере медицины выполнен прямой перевод оригинальной англоязычной шкалы, а обратный перевод осуществлен носителями языка с медицинским образованием. Было  проведено пилотное тестирование на 15 пациентах с острым нарушением сознания, два заседания экспертной  комиссии (до и после пилотного тестирования).</p><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ По результатам первого заседания экспертной комиссии была проведена лингвокультурная адаптация текста шкалы. В ходе пилотного тестирования у  исследователей не возникло трудностей при понимании и  интерпретации инструкций. По итогам состоялось второе  заседание экспертной комиссии и была утверждена  финальная русскоязычная версия, которая представлена в данной статье и доступна для скачивания на сайте Центра валидации международных шкал и опросников ФГБНУ НЦН.</p><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Русскоязычная версия Шкалы комы Глазго впервые официально представлена и рекомендована к использованию как в клинической, так и в  исследовательской практике в России и других русскоговорящих странах. В следующей публикации будет освещен результат оценки психометрических свойств (воспроизводимости, межэкспертной согласованности и чувствительности) русскоязычной версии шкалы. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>INTRODUCTION Determination of the degree of depression of consciousness in patients with brain damage upon admission to the intensive care unit and intensive therapy is a primary task. In order to carry out a quick and at the same time sufficiently complete assessment of this kind, in 1974 neurosurgeons Graham Teasdale and Bryan Jennett from the University of Glasgow developed an algorithm consisting of a sequential series of tests in the form of eye opening, speech and motor responses, called Glasgow Coma Scale. This scale has received worldwide recognition and for many decades has been the main one for determining the state of consciousness in the most severe patients with brain damage. The absence  of a validated version of this scale complicates its application in Russia, and the use of currently available versions that have not passed all the necessary  stages of validation distorts the originally intended meaning of the scale and does not allow obtaining reliable clinical results when examining patients with acute impairment of consciousness.</p><p>AIM OF STUDY Development of the official Russian­language version of the Glasgow Coma Scale, taking into account linguistic and cultural  characteristics (1st stage of the validation study).</p><p>MATERIAL AND METHODS The staff of Center for Validation of Health Status Questionnaires and Scales in Russia, Research Center of Neurology obtained consent from G. Teasdale to validate Glasgow Coma Scale in Russia. Two Russian­speaking professional certified translators in the field of  medicine performed a direct translation of the original English­language scale, and a reverse translation was carried out by native speakers with a medical education. Pilot study was performed in 15 patients with acute impairment of consciousness, two meetings of the expert committee were held (before and after pilot study).</p><p>RESULTS Based on the results of the first meeting of the expert commission, a linguistic and cultural adaptation of the text of the scale was carried out. During the pilot testing of the researchers did not have difficulties in understanding and interpreting instructions. As a result, the second meeting of the expert commission was held and the final Russian­language version was approved, which is presented in this article and is available on the website of Center for Validation of Health Status Questionnaires and Scales in Russia, Research Center of Neurology.</p><p>CONCLUSION For the first time, the Russian language version of the Glasgow Coma Scale was officially presented and recommended for use both in clinical and research practice in Russia and other Russian speaking countries. The next publication will highlight the result of assessing the psychometric properties (reproducibility, inter­expert agreement and sensitivity) of the Russian­language version of the scale.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Glasgow Coma Scale</kwd><kwd>Шкала комы Глазго (ШКГ)</kwd><kwd>острые нарушения сознания</kwd><kwd>валидация</kwd><kwd>нейрореанимация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)</kwd><kwd>acute impairment of consciousness</kwd><kwd>validation</kwd><kwd>neuroresuscitation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanich W, Brady WJ, Huff JS, Perron AD, Holstege C, Lindbeck G, et al. Altered mental status: evaluation and etiology in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2002;20(7):613–617. PMID: 12442240 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2002.35464</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanich W, Brady WJ, Huff JS, Perron AD, Holstege C, Lindbeck G, et al. Altered mental status: evaluation and etiology in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2002;20(7):613–617. PMID: 12442240 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2002.35464</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forsberg S, Hojer J, Ludwigs U, Nystrom H. Metabolic vs structural coma in the ED – An observational study. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(9):1986–1890. PMID: 22795990 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.04.032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forsberg S, Hojer J, Ludwigs U, Nystrom H. Metabolic vs structural coma in the ED – An observational study. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(9):1986–1890. PMID: 22795990 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.04.032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Posner JB, C. B. Super, N. Schiff, Plum F. Plum and Posner’s diagnosis of stupor and coma. Contemporary neurology series. 4 edn. Oxford University Press; 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Posner JB, C. B. Super, N. Schiff, Plum F. Plum and Posner’s diagnosis of stupor and coma. Contemporary neurology series. 4 edn. Oxford University Press; 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horsting M, Franken M, Meulenbelt J, van Klei W, de Lange D. The etiology and outcome of non-traumatic coma in critical care: a systematic review. BMC Anesthesiology. 2015;15(1):65. PMID: 25924678 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-015-0041-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horsting M, Franken M, Meulenbelt J, van Klei W, de Lange D. The etiology and outcome of non-traumatic coma in critical care: a systematic review. BMC Anesthesiology. 2015;15(1):65. PMID: 25924678 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-015-0041-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Obiako OR, Oparah S, Ogunniyi A. Causes of medical coma in adult patients at the University College Hospital. Ibadan Nigeria Niger Postgrad Med J. 2011;18(1):1–7. PMID: 21445104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obiako OR, Oparah S, Ogunniyi A. Causes of medical coma in adult patients at the University College Hospital. Ibadan Nigeria Niger Postgrad Med J. 2011;18(1):1–7. PMID: 21445104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matuja WB, Matekere NJ. Causes and early prognosis of non-traumatic coma in Tanzania. Muhimbili Medical Centre experience. Trop Geogr Med. 1987;39(4):330–335. PMID: 3451407</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matuja WB, Matekere NJ. Causes and early prognosis of non-traumatic coma in Tanzania. Muhimbili Medical Centre experience. Trop Geogr Med. 1987;39(4):330–335. PMID: 3451407</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Owolabi LF, Mohammed AD, Dalhat MM, Ibrahim A, Aliyu S, Owolabi DS. Factors associated with death and predictors of 1-month mortality in nontraumatic coma in a tertiary hospital in Northwestern Nigeria. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2013;17(4):219–223. PMID: 24133329 PMCID: PMC3796900 https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.118422</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Owolabi LF, Mohammed AD, Dalhat MM, Ibrahim A, Aliyu S, Owolabi DS. Factors associated with death and predictors of 1-month mortality in nontraumatic coma in a tertiary hospital in Northwestern Nigeria. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2013;17(4):219–223. PMID: 24133329 PMCID: PMC3796900 https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.118422</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinclair JR, Watters DA, Bagshaw A. Non-traumatic coma in Zambia. Trop Doct. 1989;19(1):6–10. PMID: 2922823 https://doi.org/10.1177/004947558901900103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinclair JR, Watters DA, Bagshaw A. Non-traumatic coma in Zambia. Trop Doct. 1989;19(1):6-10. PMID: 2922823 https://doi.org/10.1177/004947558901900103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peeters W, van den Brande R, Polinder S, Brazinova A, Steyerberg E, Lingsma H et al. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe. Acta Neurochir. 2015;157(10):1683–1696. PMID: 26269030 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-015-2512-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peeters W, van den Brande R, Polinder S, Brazinova A, Steyerberg E, Lingsma H et al. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe. Acta Neurochir. 2015;157(10):1683–1696. PMID: 26269030 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-015-2512-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salottolo K, Carrick M, Stewart Lewy A, Morgan B, Slone D, Bar-Or D. The Epidemiology, Prognosis, and Trends of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Presenting Glasgow Coma Scale of 3. Journal of Critical Care. 2017;38:197–201. PMID:27940095 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.11.034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salottolo K, Carrick M, Stewart Lewy A, Morgan B, Slone D, Bar-Or D. The Epidemiology, Prognosis, and Trends of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Presenting Glasgow Coma Scale of 3. Journal of Critical Care. 2017;38:197–201. PMID: 27940095 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.11.034</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. Lancet. 1974; 304(7872):81–84. PMID: 4136544 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91639-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. Lancet. 1974; 304(7872):81–84. PMID: 4136544 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91639-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teasdale G, Knill-Jones R, Van Der Sande J. Observer variability in assessing impaired consciousness and coma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1978;41(7):603–610. PMID: 690637 https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.41.7.603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teasdale G, Knill-Jones R, Van Der Sande J. Observer variability in assessing impaired consciousness and coma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1978;41(7):603–610. PMID: 690637 https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.41.7.603</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braakman R, Avezaat CJJ, Maas AIR, Roel M, Schouten HJA. Inter observer agreement in the assessment of the motor response of the Glasgow ‘coma’ scale. Clin Neurol Neurosurgery. 1978;80(2):100–106. PMID: 533856 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0303-8467(78)80067-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braakman R, Avezaat CJJ, Maas AIR, Roel M, Schouten HJA. Inter observer agreement in the assessment of the motor response of the Glasgow ‘coma’ scale. Clin Neurol Neurosurgery. 1978;80(2):100-106. PMID: 533856 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0303-8467(78)80067-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menegazzi JJ, Davis EA, Sucov AN, Paris PM. Reliability of the Glasgow Coma Scale when used by emergency physicians and paramedics. J Trauma. 1993;34(1):46–48. PMID: 8437195 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199301000-00008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menegazzi JJ, Davis EA, Sucov AN, Paris PM. Reliability of the Glasgow Coma Scale when used by emergency physicians and paramedics. J Trauma. 1993;34(1):46–48. PMID: 8437195 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199301000-00008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wier CJ, Bradford APJ, Lees KR. Ischaemic stroke. The prognostic value of the components of the Glasgow Coma Scale following acute stroke. Quarterly Journal of Medicine. 2003;96(1):67–74. PMID: 12509651 https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcg008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wier CJ, Bradford APJ, Lees KR. Ischaemic stroke. The prognostic value of the components of the Glasgow Coma Scale following acute stroke. Quarterly Journal of Medicine. 2003;96(1):67–74. PMID: 12509651 https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcg008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teasdale G, Drake C, Hunt W, Kassell N, Sano K, Pertuiset B, De Villiers J. A universal subarachnoid hemorrhage scale: report of a committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51(11):1457. PMID: 3236024 https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.51.11.1457</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teasdale G, Drake C, Hunt W, Kassell N, Sano K, Pertuiset B, De Villiers J. A universal subarachnoid hemorrhage scale: report of a committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51(11):1457. PMID: 3236024 https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.51.11.1457</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hemphill J, Bonovich D, Besmertis L, Manley G, Johnston S. The ICH Score. A Simple, Reliable Grading Scale for Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001;32(4):891–897. PMID: 11283388 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.32.4.891</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hemphill J, Bonovich D, Besmertis L, Manley G, Johnston S. The ICH Score. A Simple, Reliable Grading Scale for Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001;32(4):891–897. PMID: 11283388 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.32.4.891</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schutte CM, van der Meyden СН. A prospective study of glasgow coma scale (GCS), age, CSF-neutrophil count, and CSF-protein and glucose levels as prognostic indicators in 100 adult patients with meningitis. Journal of Infection. 1998;37(2):112–115. PMID: 9821083 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(98)80163-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schutte CM, van der Meyden СН. A prospective study of glasgow coma scale (GCS), age, CSF-neutrophil count, and CSF-protein and glucose levels as prognostic indicators in 100 adult patients with meningitis. Journal of Infection. 1998;37(2):112–115. PMID: 9821083 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(98)80163-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tseng Jen-Ho, Tseng Ming-Yuan. Brain abscess in 142 patients: factors influencing outcome and mortality. Surgical Neurology. 2006;65(6):557–562. PMID: 16720170 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2005.09.029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tseng Jen-Ho, Tseng Ming-Yuan. Brain abscess in 142 patients: factors influencing outcome and mortality. Surgical Neurology. 2006;65(6):557–562. PMID: 16720170 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2005.09.029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heard K, Bebarta VS. Reliability of the Glasgow Coma Scale for the emergency department evaluation of poisoned patients. Human &amp; experimental toxicology. 2004;23(4):197–200. PMID: 15171571 https://doi.org/10.1191/0960327104ht436oa</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heard K, Bebarta VS. Reliability of the Glasgow Coma Scale for the emergency department evaluation of poisoned patients. Human &amp; experimental toxicology. 2004;23(4):197–200. PMID: 15171571 https://doi.org/10.1191/0960327104ht436oa</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunt WE, Hess RM. Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 1968;28:14–20. PMID: 5635959 https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1968.28.1.0014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunt WE, Hess RM. Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 1968;28:14–20. PMID: 5635959 https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1968.28.1.0014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13(10):818–829. PMID: 3928249 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13(10):818–829. PMID: 3928249 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyd CR, Tolson MA, Copes WS. Evaluating trauma care: the TRISS method. Trauma Score and the Injury Severity Score. J Trauma. 1987;27(4):370–378. PMID: 3106646 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-198704000-00005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyd CR, Tolson MA, Copes WS. Evaluating trauma care: the TRISS method. Trauma Score and the Injury Severity Score. J Trauma. 1987;27(4):370–378. PMID: 3106646 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-198704000-00005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wijdicks EF, Bamlet WR, Maramattom BV, Manno EM, McClelland RL. Validation of a new coma scale: the FOUR score. Ann Neurol. 2005;58(4):585–593. PMID: 16178024 https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ana.20611</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wijdicks EF, Bamlet WR, Maramattom BV, Manno EM, McClelland RL. Validation of a new coma scale: the FOUR score. Ann Neurol. 2005;58(4):585–593. PMID: 16178024 https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ana.20611</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пирадов М.А., Супонева Н.А., Рябинкина Ю.В., Сергеев Д.В., Легостаева Л.А., Язева Е.Г. и др. Шкала подробной оценки состояния ареактивных пациентов (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness, FOUR): лингво-культурная адаптация русскоязычной версии. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2019;13(3):47–54. https://doi.org/10.25692/ACEN.2019.3.7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пирадов М.А., Супонева Н.А., Рябинкина Ю.В., Сергеев Д.В., Легостаева Л.А., Язева Е.Г., и др. Шкала подробной оценки состояния ареактивных пациентов (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness, FOUR): лингво-культурная адаптация русскоязычной версии. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2019;13(3): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.25692/ACEN.2019.3.7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teasdale G, Jennett B, Murray L, Murray G. Glasgow coma scale: to sum or not to sum. Lancet. 1983;322(8351):678. PMID: 6136811 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92550-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teasdale G, Jennett B, Murray L, Murray G. Glasgow coma scale: to sum or not to sum. Lancet. 1983;322(8351):678. PMID: 6136811 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92550-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teoh LS, Gowardman JR, Larsen PD, Green R, Galletly DC. Glasgow Coma Scale: variation in mortality among permutations of specific total scores. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26(2):157–161. PMID: 10784302 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001340050039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teoh LS, Gowardman JR, Larsen PD, Green R, Galletly DC. Glasgow Coma Scale: variation in mortality among permutations of specific total scores. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26(2):157–161. PMID: 10784302 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001340050039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kornbluth J, Bhardwaj A. Evaluation of coma: a critical appraisal of popular scoring systems. Neurocrit Care. 2011;14(1):134–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-010-9409-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kornbluth J, Bhardwaj A. Evaluation of coma: a critical appraisal of popular scoring systems. Neurocrit Care. 2011;14(1):134–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-010-9409-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teasdale G, Maas A, Lecky F, Manley G, Stocchetti N, Murray G. The Glasgow Coma Scale at 40 years: Standing the test of time. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(8):844–854. PMID: 25030516 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70120-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teasdale G, Maas A, Lecky F, Manley G, Stocchetti N, Murray G. The Glasgow Coma Scale at 40 years: Standing the test of time. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(8):844–854. PMID: 25030516 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70120-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roca G, Mayol S, Garcia E, Casajuana E, Quintana S. Spanish versions of the Simplified Motor Score and the Glasgow Coma Scale in out-of-hospital treatment of head injury in adults: a preliminary study of each scale’s ability to predict adverse events. Emergencias. 2015;27(3):185–188. PMID: 29077312 https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/289803</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roca G, Mayol S, Garcia E, Casajuana E, Quintana S. Spanish versions of the Simplified Motor Score and the Glasgow Coma Scale in out-of-hospital treatment of head injury in adults: a preliminary study of each scale’s ability to predict adverse events. Emergencias. 2015;27(3):185–188. PMID:29077312 https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/289803</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reith FC, Van den Brande R, Synnot A, Gruen R, Maas AI. The reliability of the Glasgow Coma Scale: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(1):3–15. PMID: 26564211 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-4124-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reith FC, Van den Brande R, Synnot A, Gruen R, Maas AI. The reliability of the Glasgow Coma Scale: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(1):3–15. PMID: 26564211 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-4124-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chou R, Totten AM, Carney N, Dandy S, Fu R, Grusing S. et al. Predictive Utility of the Total Glasgow Coma Scale Versus the Motor Component of the Glasgow Coma Scale for Identification of Patients With Serious Traumatic Injuries. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;70(2):143–157. PMID: 28089112 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.11.032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chou R, Totten AM, Carney N, Dandy S, Fu R, Grusing S. et al. Predictive Utility of the Total Glasgow Coma Scale Versus the Motor Component of the Glasgow Coma Scale for Identification of Patients With Serious Traumatic Injuries. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;70(2):143–157. PMID: 28089112 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.11.032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloch F. J Is the Glasgow Coma Scale appropriate for the evaluation of elderly patients in long-term care units? Eval Clin Pract. 2016;22(3):455–456. PMID: 26687582 https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12489</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bloch F. J Is the Glasgow Coma Scale appropriate for the evaluation of elderly patients in long-term care units? Eval Clin Pract. 2016;22(3):455-456. PMID: 26687582 https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12489</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borgialli DA, Mahajan P, Hoyle JD Jr, Powell EC, Nadel FM, Tunik MG. et al. Performance of the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale Score in the Evaluation of Children With Blunt Head Trauma. Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN). Acad Emerg Med. 2016;23(8):878–884. PMID: 27197686 https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borgialli DA, Mahajan P, Hoyle JD Jr, Powell EC, Nadel FM, Tunik MG. et al. Performance of the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale Score in the Evaluation of Children With Blunt Head Trauma. Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN). Acad Emerg Med. 2016;23(8):878–884. PMID: 27197686 https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
